Question 211 pts   According to a study by Jeffrey Fagan in 1996,...

Question 211 pts

According to a study by Jeffrey Fagan in 1996, juveniles remanded to adult courts had lower recidivism rates than comparable youth adjudicated in juvenile courts.

Group of answer choices

True

False

Flag question: Question 22Question 221 pts

Austin et al. argue that the belief that there are 'career criminals' we can identify and whose imprisonment will reduce crimes is a myth.

Group of answer choices

True

False

Flag question: Question 24Question 241 pts

Austin et al. suggest that sentencing should be based on prior history and one's potential risk of offending.

Group of answer choices

True

False

Flag question: Question 25Question 251 pts

Bloom, Owen and Covington argue that the pathways to crime for men and women are the same.

Group of answer choices

True

False

Flag question: Question 26Question 261 pts

Bloom, Owen and Covington conclude that women are less likely than men to commit violent crimes.

Group of answer choices

True

False

Flag question: Question 27Question 271 pts

Guyot examined how officers use discretion and found that officers, in order to apply discretion correctly, should possess certain qualities. These qualities are:

Group of answer choices

Officers must be decisive

Officers should be curious

Officers should be able to perceive danger

1 and 2

All the above

Flag question: Question 28Question 281 pts

Reasons for enacting the AB 109 Realignment statute include:
 

Group of answer choices

Reduction in California state revenue and budget allocations

High rate of recidivism for state prisoners

A court order to reduce state prison crowding

All the above

Flag question: Question 29Question 291 pts

Hirschfield discusses three dimensions of school criminalization.  Which of the following is NOT one of the dimensions?

Group of answer choices

School punishment has become more formal

Students are more often subject to suspension and expulsion from school

The juvenile courts have not become involved in resolving minor offenses occurring on school campuses

Criminal justice is increasingly involved in the schools

Flag question: Question 30Question 301 pts

Historically, juvenile courts operated under the parens patriae model in which the courts acted as the protector of children.

Group of answer choices

True

False

Flag question: Question 31Question 311 pts

The impact of AB 109 on county jails includes:

Group of answer choices

Increase in length of stay in county jails

State will provide funding to counties

Counties are expected to provide more innovative programs

All the above

1 and 3

Flag question: Question 32Question 321 pts

One of the key guiding principles for gender-responsive strategies in the CJ system, according to Bloom, Owen and Covington, is to create an environment for women based on safety, respect and dignity.

Group of answer choices

True

False

Flag question: Question 33Question 331 pts

Police administrators can affect discretion by directing officers to focus on a particular crime or not enforcing a statute.

Group of answer choices

True

False

Flag question: Question 34Question 341 pts

Racial profiling is unfair police targeting of persons of minority groups for greater scrutiny or intervention.

Group of answer choices

True

False

Flag question: Question 35Question 351 pts

Which of the following has not contributed to the increasing length of stay in prisons?

Group of answer choices

Truth in sentencing laws

Mandatory sentencing laws like three strikes

Community-based alternative programs

More conservative parole boards

Flag question: Question 36Question 361 pts

The Supreme Court has ruled that juveniles are not subject to this punishment:

Group of answer choices

Death Penalty

Life without Possibility of Parole if found guilty of certain crimes

1 and 2

None of the above

Flag question: Question 37Question 371 pts

The federal Second Change Act (2007) was enacted to:

Group of answer choices

Expand and improve existing reentry programs

Provide Head Start programs for more children

Provide prevention programs for youth

All the above

Flag question: Question 38Question 381 pts

The legislative branch of government can affect the exercise of discretion in what ways?

Group of answer choices

Enactment of Laws

Allocation of Funds

Court hearings/decisions

1 and 2

All the above

Flag question: Question 39Question 391 pts

When police officers have to make a decision in a case, there is always a law or policy/procedure that defines what action should be taken.

Group of answer choices

True

False

Flag question: Question 40Question 401 pts

Hirschfield explains that the expanded role of police in school discipline limits the involvement of school professionals and in the process reduces the school's vulnerability to litigation.

Group of answer choices

True

False