Answered step-by-stepYou may find the answer in chapter 23, 24, 25...
You may find the answer in chapter 23, 24, 25
https://openstax.org/books/astronomy/pages/23-summary
1. Match the correct stellar explosion with the associated description.
| Choices - use a choice only once | |
|---|---|
| A. | Kilonova |
| B. | Type Ic Supernova |
| C. | Nova |
| D. | Type Ia Supernova |
| E. | Type II Supernova |
| Match each of the following to a choice | ||
|---|---|---|
| 1. | A standard candle in astronomy used to measure great distances due to the luminosity of these explosions all being very nearly the same. These explosions occur in binary systems wherein a white dwarf takes on so much mass from its partner that it cannot support itself against gravity, shutters, and is entirely destroyed in the resultant explosion. | Select A. Kilonova B. Type Ic Supernova C. Nova D. Type Ia Supernova E. Type II Supernova |
| 2. | The cause of long-duration gamma ray burst; a core collapse stellar explosion at the end of a massive star's life, which has lost the bulk of the hydrogen in its atmosphere and results in either a neutron star or black hole spinning rapidly and beaming high energy particles into space. | Select A. Kilonova B. Type Ic Supernova C. Nova D. Type Ia Supernova E. Type II Supernova |
| 3. | A core collapse supernova at the end of a massive star's life featuring significant evidence of hydrogen in the spectra. | Select A. Kilonova B. Type Ic Supernova C. Nova D. Type Ia Supernova E. Type II Supernova |
| 4. | An explosion caused by matter siphoned from a binary partner onto a white dwarf where it is gradually heated until it fuses quickly across the surface of the dwarf. | Select A. Kilonova B. Type Ic Supernova C. Nova D. Type Ia Supernova E. Type II Supernova |
| 5. | The result of the merging of two neutron stars causing a short-duration gamma ray burst and the release of many heavy elements. | Select A. Kilonova B. Type Ic Supernova C. Nova D. Type Ia Supernova E. Type II Supernova |
2. Selects all the events that can generate elements with atomic masses greater than that of iron. (Select more than 1 answer)
| A. | the merging of neutron stars | |
| B. | supernovae explosions | |
| C. | the merging of black holes | |
| D. | nova explosions | |
| E. | nuclear fusion in massive stars |
3. True or False; The initial mass of a star, when it reaches the zero age on the main sequence, determines the final fate of a star.
True
False
4. What is the maximum luminosity of very bright supernovae?
| A. | about 1.0 x 1012 times the luminosity of the sun | |
| B. | about 1.0 x 1010 times the luminosity of the sun | |
| C. | about 1.0 x 102 times the luminosity of the sun | |
| D. | about 1.0 x 106 times the luminosity of the sun | |
| E. | about 1.0 x 104 times the luminosity of the sun |
5. What does the equivalence principle state?
| A. | Time speeds up in the proximity of mass. | |
| B. | Black holes can accelerate light faster than the speed of light. | |
| C. | The speed of light is the maximum speed that anything can attain when moving and only entities without mass can attain it. | |
| D. | Mass tells spacetime how to bend and spacetime tells mass how to move. | |
| E. | No experiments conducted in a sealed environment can distinguish between free-fall and the absence of gravity. |
6. Select all the predictions made by general relativity that have been confirmed by either experiment or observation. (Select more than 1 answer)
| A. | Clocks run slower on Earth's surface compared to clocks in orbit. | |
| B. | The precession of Mercury would be 43 arcsec per century if not disturbed by the presence of the other planets. | |
| C. | Stars with masses less than 8 times the mass of the sun on the main sequence will end their lives as black holes. | |
| D. | The path of light is bent by the presence of mass. | |
| E. | Light that reaches us, which escaped from a black hole, is blue shifted. |
7. True or False; From the perspective of an unfortunate astronaut approaching a black hole, time seems to stop.
True
False
8. True or False; The mass of a black hole can be calculated by measuring the orbital periods of other astronomical objects that orbit it.
True
False
9. Why is it, that material falling into a black hole is stretched and torn apart?
| A. | Light falling into a black hole will heat and gradually tear away at any body approaching a black hole and the nearer portion of any body to the center of a black hole the more heat and friction it is subject to. | |
| B. | The portion of any mass nearer to a black hole will feel more gravity than the portion of that mass farther away from the black hole. | |
| C. | As time speeds up nearer to any mass, the portion of any body nearer to the center of mass of a black hole experiences more time per second than its far side and consequently has more time to fall into it resulting in its far side forever falling behind in time. | |
| D. | The black hole is constantly sucking spacetime into it and thus the portion of any mass nearer to a black hole will be sucked into the black hole earlier than its far side. |
10. True or False; Gravity waves have been detected coming from single black holes drifting otherwise unseen in our Galaxy.
True
False
11. How was our location relative to the center of the Galaxy determined?
| A. | The distribution of globular clusters was measured and the center of their orbits corresponds to the center of the Milky Way. | |
| B. | The distribution of variable stars was measured and the center of their orbits corresponds to the center of the Milky Way. | |
| C. | The distribution of supernovae throughout the Galaxy was measured and the center of their distribution corresponds to the center of the Milky Way. | |
| D. | A supermassive black hole was observed and based upon its mass it must be the center of mass of the Milky Way. |
12. True or False; Most of the mass in the Galaxy is concentrated within the central bulge and disk.
True
False
13. Where are population 1 stars found most frequently in the Galaxy?
| A. | throughout the entire Galaxy | |
| B. | the thin disk | |
| C. | the central bulge | |
| D. | the thick disk | |
| E. | the halo |
14. What is the likely origin of the thick disk in the Galaxy?
| A. | The density of stars in the core is so great that a fair many pass near enough to the central supermassive black hole each year and are flung off into random orbits of the galaxy slowly populating the thick disk with old stars. | |
| B. | Gravitational interactions with smaller galaxies and globular clusters have pulled some gas and stars out from the thin disk when passing near and/or through it. | |
| C. | When the Galaxy was forming, the gas settled slowly into a disk and as a result an older population of stars formed above and below the thin disk and remain scattered there. | |
| D. | The spiral arms sweep around the Galaxy like rigid bodies and some formed earlier than others, such that they are wider and consequently drag stars into the thick disk. |
15. Select more than 1 answer. In which wavelengths of light are observations made to see through the extensive gas and dust clouds in the Galaxy towards the central bulge?
| A. | ultraviolet | |
| B. | radio waves | |
| C. | infrared | |
| D. | visible light | |
| E. | gamma rays |
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