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 Care Hope College

                       
Anatomy & Physiology (AP202) Midterm Lab Exam                                                                

Instructor: Dr. Gesner Cesar.

Name: __________________________________________ Date: _________________
1.Identification of the following vessels.

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2-Difference between Thrombosis, Pulmonary embolism and Deep vein Thrombosis-Thrombocytopenia-Hemophilia- Coagulation
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3) Difference between: Thrombus -clot-embolus -infarction
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4) Definition: Anticoagulants-heparin -Antithrombin-fibrinolysis -Hemostasis-ferritin
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5) Function of Plasminogen and Plasmin in the fibrinolysis

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11)Difference between: 
a) Leukemia, Myeloid leukemia - lymphoid leukemia - acute leukemia - Chronic leukemia-Thalassemia- Polycythemia
b) Difference between Dilated cardiomyopathy and restrictive cardiomyopathy
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12) Role of the platelet in blood clotting
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13) The major categories of plasma proteins
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14- Complete the different segments of Hemoglobin

Interpretation of the following Lab

Normal Range for the following Lab.

a) Hemoglobin: _________________________________________________
b) Hematocrit: _________________________________________________
c) Mean corpuscular volume (MCV): ______________________________________________
d) Mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH):_____________________________________________
e) Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC). :_________________________________________________
f) Blood Smear and differential WBC count: _________________________________________________
g) Reticulocyte Count : _________________________________________________
Definition and clinical meaning of the following Lab
h) Complete Blood Count (CBC): _________________________________________________
i) PSA: ____________________________________________________
j) Urinalysis: ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
k) Renal Clearance:
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l) GFR: ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
m) BUN: ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
n) Creatinine: ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
o) BUN Creatinine ration: ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

15-. Identification of the following vessels.

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16-Match the following hypothalamic hormone to their hypophyseal hormone:

Column A
a) TRH
b) CRH
c) GnRH
d) GHRH

Column B
1____TSH
2____ PRL
3____ ACTH
4_____ FSH
5_____ LH
6_____ GH

17- Difference between Kwashiorkor children and Marasmus children
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18-Identification of the following endocrine glands.
   

1._______________________________________2.____________________________________
3._______________________________________4.____________________________________
5._______________________________________6.____________________________________
7._______________________________________8.____________________________________
9._______________________________________10.___________________________________

19- match the column of letter to the numbers
a) Skeletal System                            1) esophagus_______
b) Cardiovascular system                 2) trachea________
c) Nervous System                            3) Skin________
d) Integumentary System                 4) Aorta_______
e) Respiratory System                       5) nerves______
f) Digestive system                           6) bones_______
g) Urinary System                              7) Kidneys_______
h) Female reproductive System       8) brain_______
                                                         9) Gallbladder______
                                                         10) Bronchi______

Part B

1-These are all accessory organs of the digestive system except 
 

A.  tongue.

B.  liver.

C.  pancreas.

D.  salivary glands.

E.  spleen.

2-In which of these compartments would fluid accumulate in edema? 
 

A.  intracellular fluid (ICF)

B.  transcellular fluid

C.  tissue (interstitial) fluid

D.  blood plasma

E.  lymph

3-. Aldosterone 
 

A.  increases both Na+ and K+ reabsorption.

B.  increases both Na+ and K+ secretion.

C.  increases Na+ reabsorption and K+ secretion.

D.  reduces Na+ reabsorption and K+ secretion.

E.  causes the urine to be more diluted.

4-Hypernatremia is a plasma ___ concentration above normal. 
 

A.  Ca2+

B.  Na+

C.  K+

D.  Cl-

E.  Pi

5-Which organ system does not excrete waste? 
 

A.  the urinary system

B.  the cardiovascular system

C.  the integumentary system

D.  the digestive system

E.  the respiratory system

6-The upper respiratory tract extends  
 

A.  from the nose through the trachea.

B.  from the nose through the pharynx.

C.  from the nose through the larynx.

D.  from the nose through the alveoli.

E.  from the nose through the lungs.

7-. Which of the following cartilages is largest? 
 

A.  the corniculate cartilage

B.  the epiglottic cartilage

C.  the thyroid cartilage

D.  the cricoid cartilage

E.  the arytenoid cartilage

8- of the following is the term for a deficiency of oxygen or the inability to utilize oxygen in a tissue? 
 

A.  apoxia

B.  hypoxia

C.  anoxia

D.  cyanosis

E.  Eupnea

9-. The cessation of bleeding is specifically called  

A.  vascular spasm.

B.  homeostasis.

C.  hemostasis.

D.  platelet plug formation.

E.  blood clotting (coagulation).

10-. Thromboplastin  

A.  initiates the intrinsic pathway of coagulation.

B.  initiates the extrinsic pathway of coagulation.

C.  converts prothrombin into thrombin.

D.  acts as a potent vasoconstrictor to reduce blood loss.

E.  dissolves the clot after the tissue has healed.

 
11-. All of these prevent the spontaneous formation of a clot except  

A.  the presence of tissue thromboplastin.

B.  the smooth prostacyclin-coated endothelium of blood vessels.

C.  the dilution of thrombin when blood flows at a normal rate.

D.  the presence of antithrombin in plasma.

E.  the presence of heparin in plasma.

12-. Platelets release ____________, a chemical vasoconstrictor that contributes to the vascular spasm.  

A.  heparin

B.  thrombin

C.  thromboplastin

D.  prostacyclin

E.  serotonin 
 

13-. The structural framework of the blood clot is formed by  

A.  soluble fibrinogen.

B.  soluble fibrin.

C.  a fibrin polymer.

D.  a fibrinogen polymer.

E.  a thrombin polymer.

14-The infant's only source of nutrition during the first 2-3 days postpartum is 

A.  casein.

B.  colostrum.

C.  breast milk.

D.  meconium.

E.  lactose.

15-. Most strokes and heart attacks are caused by the abnormal clotting of blood in an unbroken vessel. Moreover, a piece of the ____________ (clot) may break loose and begin to travel in the bloodstream as a(n) ______________.  

A.  thrombus; embolus

B.  embolism; thrombus

C.  plaque; thrombus

D.  thrombosis; plaque

E.  plaque; embolus

16 __________________ participates in the extrinsic mechanism only.  

A.  Calcium

B.  Prothrombin activator

C.  Prothrombin

D.  Thromboplastin

E.  Thrombin

17-. Most clotting factors are synthesized in the  

A.  spleen.

B.  red bone marrow.

C.  perivascular tissue.

D.  kidneys.

E.  liver. 
 

18-The passage of the wastes from the blood in the kidneys while holding back blood cells and proteins is an example of :
      A.filtration
      B.osmosis
     C.hemolysis
     D.reverse osmosis

19-. Which of these is not part of the cardiac conduction system? 
 

A.  the sinoatrial (SA) node

B.  the tendinous cords (TC)

C.  the atrioventricular (AV) node

D.  the atrioventricular (AV) bundle (bundle of His)

E.  the Purkinje fibers

20-pyrogen is a substance that causes  
 

A.  inflammation.

B.  opsonization.

C.  complement fixation.

D.  cytolysis.

E.  fever. 

21-. Lymphatic vessels recover about ______________ of the fluid filtered by capillaries.  

A.  5%

B.  15%

C.  25%

D.  50%

E.  85% 
 

22- Lymph is similar to blood plasma, but very low in  

A.  protein.

B.  carbon dioxide.

C.  metabolic waste.

D.  electrolytes.

E.  sodium and potassium.

23- All these can lead to edema except  

A.  obstruction of lymphatic vessels.

B.  liver disease.

C.  famine.

D.  hyperproteinemia.

E.  hypertension.

24- Atrial depolarization causes  
 

A.  the P wave.

B.  the QRS complex.

C.  the T wave.

D.  the first heart sound.

E.  the quiescent period.

 
25- When the left ventricle contracts, the _____ valve closes and the _____ valve is pushed open. 
 

A.  bicuspid; pulmonary

B.  tricuspid; pulmonary

C.  tricuspid; aortic

D.  mitral; aortic

E.  aortic; pulmonary

26-. Mitral valve stenosis causes blood to leak back into the ___________ when the ventricles contract.  
 

A.  left atrium

B.  right atrium

C.  aorta

D.  pulmonary trunk

E.  pulmonary arteries

27- These are the most abundant agranulocytes.  
 

A.  macrophages

B.  eosinophils

C.  monocytes

D.  lymphocytes

E.  neutrophils

28- The volume of blood ejected by each ventricle in one minute is called 
 

A.  the cardiac reserve.

B.  the preload.

C.  the afterload.

D.  the stroke volume.

E.  the cardiac output.
 

29-. The hematocrit is ____________ of the total blood volume.  
 

A.  less than 1%

B.  47% to 63%

C.  25% to 37%

D.  42% to 45%

E.  37% to 52% 
 

30- Oxygen-poor blood passes through 
 

A.  the right AV (tricuspid) valve and pulmonary valve.

B.  the right AV (tricuspid) valve only.

C.  the left AV (bicuspid) valve and aortic valve.

D.  the left AV (bicuspid) valve only.

E.  the pulmonary and aortic valves.

31. The differential count of ______________ typically increases in response to bacterial infections.  

A.  basophils

B.  monocytes

C.  erythrocytes

D.  eosinophils

E.  neutrophils

32- Opening and closing of the heart valves is caused by 

A.  breathing.

B.  gravity.

C.  valves contracting and relaxing.

D.  osmotic gradients.

E.  pressure gradients.

33-. _____________ is the most abundant protein in plasma.  
 

A.  Insulin

B.  Creatine

C.  Bilirubin

D.  Albumin

E.  Creatinine

34-Type AB blood has ____________ RBC antigen(s).  
 

A.  no

B.  anti-A and anti-B

C.  anti-A

D.  anti-B

E.  A and B

35-Serum is essentially identical to plasma except for the absence of __________.  
 

A.  fibrinogen

B.  nitrogenous wastes

C.  platelets

D.  glucose

E.  albumin

PartB
1-Mrs. Smith 64 years old was diagnosed with inflammation of the mediastinum. What are the organs that can be affected?
a) Pancreas, liver, kidney
b) Heart, major blood vessels, esophagus, trachea
c) Meninges, spinal cord, peripheral nerves
d) Fibula, patella, phalanges

2- Charles 59 years old is diagnosed with pleurisy .What serosa must be affected?
a) Pleura
b) Pericardium
c) Peritoneum
d) Omentum

3-The followings organs: Kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra are components of:
a) Integumentary System
b) Cardiovascular System
c) Nervous System
d) None of them

4-Which of the following organ produce the hormones?
a) Endocrine gland
b) Bone
c) Muscle
d) Tendons

5-Which of the following lists levels of human structure from the most complex to the simplest?  

a)  organelle, cell, tissue, organ, organ system

b)  organ system, organ, cell, tissue, organelle

c)  organ system, organelle, tissue, cell, organ

d).  organ system, organ, tissue, cell, organelle

e)  organ, organ system, tissue, cell, organelle 
 

6-Which of these is the best imaging technique for routinely examining the anatomical development of a fetus? 

a)  Radiography

b)  PET scan

c)  MRI

d)  Sonography

7- The blood calcium level of Mr.Gladius is elevated. Which of the following best explain his condition?
a) Hyperkalemia
b) Hypernatremia
d) Hyperkalemia
d) none of them

8-Dr. Moise is examining a patient which one of the following is not part of the examination?
a) Inspection
b) Palpation
c) Auscultation
d) Radiography

9-The study of the cells and organelles:
a) Histology
b) Cytology
c) Anatomy
d) Physiology

10-The reproductive system is associated with?
a) Sex
b) Birth
c) Lactation
d) All above

11-Dr.Geror orders Metronidazole 500mg for a patient .Each capsule is 100mg.How many Capsules Miss Emmanoleur will give the patient :
a)10
b) 5
c)500
d)250

12. Which of the following is the smallest living body components?  

a)  Organ systems

b)  Organs

c)  Cells

d)  Molecules

13-Which of the following is not part of the Metabolism
a) Anabolism
b) Catabolism 
c) Excretion
d) Apoptosis

14-Radioactivity
a) Can damage DNA
b) Can be a cause of cancer
c) Can cause birth defect
d) All the above

15-Pharisiano is educating a patient about hydrophobic drug .Which statement is the most appropriate:
a) Substance that does not dissolve in water.
b) Substance that does not dissolve in fat.
c) Drug that does not absorb well in the skin layer
d) None of them

16-Frenchila, 6 years old is dehydrated .Which of the following substance the doctor will most likely prescribe for her?
a) Normal saline solution
b) Colloid
c) Suspension
d) Emulsion

17. Which of these has the most acidic concentration? 

a)  lemon juice, pH = 2.3

b)  red wine, pH = 3.2

c)  tomato juice, pH = 4.7

d) saliva, pH = 6.6

18-The purpose of most normal physiology is to maintain stable conditions within the body
a) Homeostasis
b) Osmosis
c) Endocytosis
d) Diffusion

19-Mr.Raphaelo is diagnosed with end stage brain cancer, it has lost 200Lbs.What best describe his physical appearance.   
a) Obese      
b) Cachexia        
c) Edema        
d) Normal

20- match the column of letter to the numbers(Extra Points)
Skeletal System                            1)esophagus_______
Cardiovascular system                 2)trachea________
Nervous System                            3)Skin________
Integumentary System                  4)Aorta_______
Respiratory System                       5)nerves______
Digestive system                           6)bones_______
Urinary System                              7)Kidneys_______
Female reproductive System         8)brain_______
                                                       9)gallbladder______
                                                      10)bronchi______

21-After a biopsy the Non keratinized stratified squamous epithelium of Mrs. Rosa Vagina is replaced by a stratified columnar epithelium. What best explain that situation.
a) Normal      
b) Metaplasia     
c) Precancerous lesion  
d) B and C

22-Most common bone disease:
a) Osteoporosis
b) Osteomalacia
c) Osteomyelitis
d) Kyphosis

23- Mrs. Agnanti 92 years old, 345 Lbs. has been lying in bed for 2 weeks .She may develop decubitus ulcer which is 
a) Bed sore or pressure sore
b) High blood pressure
c) Pitting Edema
d) None of the above

24- The sudden death of cardiac tissue when blood supply is cut off:
a) Myocardial Infarction (MI)
b) Pericarditis
c) Endocarditis
d) None of them

25- A 42 years old patient had his right big toe removed surgically after a terrible car accident. What best explain the reason of this amputation?
a) Necrosis of the big toe
b) Apoptosis of the tissue of the big toe
c) A deformation of his left leg
d) None of them

26- The scientific study and medical treatment of the integumentary system
a) Dermatology 
b) Cardiology
c) Gastroenterology
d) Myology

27-Thered pigment of red blood cells.
a) Hemoglobin
b) Myoglobin
c) Melanin
d) Insulin

28-Match the Column A to the Comlumn B

Column A
a) Cyanosis
b) Pallor
c) Albinism
d) Jaundice

Column B
______ Yellowing of skin
______ Albinism
______ Anemia
______ Blueness of the skin

29- List 2 fat soluble Vitamins and 2 water-soluble vitamin and 2 dietary sources for them, mention one consequences of their deficiency:
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30-. Difference between:

a) Neoplasia and metaplasia
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d) Embryo and fetus
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c) Atrophy, necrosis, infarction, gangrene, decubitus ulcer, gas gangrene, apoptosis.
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