Quiz: Anatomy of the Kidneys

1. The renal papillae of the renal pyramids are located close to the renal __________ area.
a. pelvis
b. cortex
c. capsule
2. The area where the renal artery enters the kidney and the renal vein and ureter exits the kidney is called the __________.
a. renal hilus
b. renal medulla
c. juxtamedullary area
3. Which of the following is the correct sequence of blood flow through the kidneys on its route to the glomeruli of the nephrons?
a. renal artery, segmental artery, interlobular (cortical radiate) artery, arcuate artery, interlobar artery, afferent arteriole
b. renal artery, segmental artery, interlobar artery, arcuate artery, interlobular (cortical radiate) artery, afferent arteriole
c. renal artery, segmental artery, interlobar artery, interlobular (cortical radiate) artery, arcuate artery, afferent arteriole
4. Which of the following is the correct sequence regarding the flow of waste products through the nephrons of the kidneys?
a. glomerular capsule, proximal convoluted tubule, collecting duct, nephron loop, distal convoluted tubule
b. glomerular capsule, proximal convoluted tubule, distal convoluted tubule, nephron loop, collecting duct
c. glomerular capsule, proximal convoluted tubule, nephron loop, distal convoluted tubule, collecting duct
5. One of the many functions of the nephrons is to put water back into the bloodstream to prevent dehydration. In order to accomplish that task, the antidiuretic hormone (ADH) causes various areas of the nephrons to become permeable to water. What region of the numerous nephrons is sensitive to ADH?
a. the collecting tubule
b. the proximal convoluted tubule
c. the first part of the nephron loop
6. Once the nephron becomes permeable to water, water will enter into the bloodstream and therefore stay in the body. What is the name of the blood vessels that surround the nephrons?
a. vasa recta
b. arcuate arteries
c. glomerular capillaries
7. What is the name of the blood vessel that exits the glomerular capsule and ultimately forms the peritubular capillaries?
a. vasa recta
b. afferent arteriole
c. efferent arteriole
8. Which of the following is correct regarding the renin-angiotensinogen mechanism?
a. A decrease in blood pressure results in the release of renin which converts angiotensinogen I to angiotensinogen II. The angiotensin-converting enzyme converts angiotensinogen II to angiotensin, which stimulates the adrenal cortex to secrete aldosterone, a hormone that is involved in increasing blood pressure.
b. A decrease in blood pressure results in the release of renin which converts angiotensinogen to angiotensin I. The angiotensin-converting enzyme converts angiotensin I to angiotensin II, which stimulates the adrenal cortex to secrete aldosterone, a hormone that is involved in increasing blood pressure.
c. A decrease in blood pressure results in the release of angiotensin-converting enzyme, which converts angiotensin to angiotensinogen I. The angiotensin-converting enzyme then converts angiotensinogen I to angiotensinogen II. Angiotensinogen II then stimulates the adrenal cortex to secrete renin, which is involved in increasing blood pressure.
9. The juxtaglomerular apparatus releases __________ and the lungs release __________ regarding the renin-angiotensinogen mechanism.
a. aldosterone; renin
b. angiotensin converting enzyme; renin
c. renin; angiotensin-converting enzyme
10. Which of the following substances is/are NOT reabsorbed by the nephrons of the kidney?
a. creatinine
b. sodium ions
c. bicarbonate ions

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