The neo-Darwin view of evolution incorporates modern understanding of population genetics, developmental biology, and paleontology, to which is being added knowledge of the molecular sequencing of DNA and the insights it provides concerning the phylogeny of life. The major premises of the genetic (synthetic) theory of evolution are: evolution is the change of gene (allele) frequencies in the gene pool of a population over many generations; species (and their gene pools) are isolated from one another, and the gene pool of each species is held together by gene flow; an individual has only a portion of the pool, which came from two different parents, and the portions are different in each individual; the alleles the individual receives are subject to chromosomal or gene mutations and recombinations; natural selection will favor some individuals, who will then contribute a larger portion of their gene combinations to the gene pool of the next generation; changes of allele frequencies come about primarily by natural selection, but migration, gene flow, and chromosomal variations are contributing factors; isolation and restriction of gene flow between subpopulations and their parent populations are necessary for the genetic and phenotypic divergence of the subpopulations.
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- Root Zones
- Primary Root Tissues and Structure
- Secondary Growth of Roots
- Types of Root Systems
- Specialized and Modified Roots
- Leaves: Specialized Organs
- External Features, Origin, and Internal Structure
- Leaf Abscission and Movements
- Leaves and the Environment
- Specialized Leaves and Stems
- Features of Flowers
- Seed and Fruits
- Features of the Angiosperm Life Cycle
- Seed Structure and Development
- Energy Defined
- Laws of Thermodynamics
- Chemistry of Energy Use
- Energy Regulators: Enzymes and ATP
- Movement of Materials in Cells
- Membrane Structure
- Cross‐Membrane Transport
- Membranes: Reception, Communication
- Respiration: Energy for Plant Metabolism
- Glycolysis
- Aerobic Respiration
- Electron Transport Chain, Phosphorylation
- Anaerobic Respiration: Fermentation
- Most Important Process in the World
- Overview of Eukaryote Photosynthesis
- Details of Photosynthesis in Plants
- Regulating Growth: Plant Hormones
- Types of Plant Hormones
- Responsive Growth Movements: Tropisms
- Other Plant Movements
- Circadian Rhythms
- Photoperiodism
- Dormancy
- Senescence
- Darwin's Theory of Evolution
- Modern Theory of Evolution
- Modern Taxonomy Includes Phylogenetics
- Naming Plants
- Types of Classifications
- Plants Among the Diversity of Organisms
- Classifying Groups of Organisms
- General Characteristics of Prokaryotes
- Structure
- Reproduction
- Prokaryote Metabolism
- Systematics
- Ecology
- Human Interest
- Viruses
- A Kingdom Separate from Plants
- Characteristics of Fungi
- Fungi: Reproduction
- Systematics of Fungi
- Ecology of Fungi
- Symbiotic Relationships
- Plant Pathogens
- Yeasts
- Land Plants Without Vascular Tissues
- A Typical Bryophyte Life Cycle
- Phylogeny of Bryophytes
- Ecology of Bryophytes
- The Ferns and Their Allies
- Phylum Lycophyta: Club Mosses and More
- Phylum Sphenophyta: Horsetails
- Phylum Psilotophyta: Whisk Ferns
- Phylum Pterophyta: Ferns
- The First Vascular Plants
- The Most Successful Plants of All Time
- The Gymnosperm Phyla
- Other Living Gymnosperm Phyla
- Extinct Gymnosperm Phyla
- Phylum Anthophyta—The Flowering Plants
- The Parts of Ecosystems
- Ecosystem Structure: Plant Communities
- Ecosystem Functions
- Plant Interactions with Other Organisms
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Themes of Plant Biology
Evolution
