The opposition of the priests toward Amos can be understood in light of what Amos says concerning the solemn assemblies, sacrifices, public prayers, and other ritualistic observances. One function of the priests was to ensure that these activities were maintained; Amos insists that these rituals are worthless and should be abolished entirely. His position appears to be extreme, for properly used ritual can be an aid toward spiritual ends. On the other hand, when observance of ritual becomes a substitute for morality, nothing less than its total abolition seems to be appropriate — undoubtedly the case with Amos.
Several passages in the Book of Amos, especially in the last chapter, indicate that the Israelites will return from captivity and will be happy and prosperous in their own land. Whether these passages are from Amos or were added to the original by persons who lived at a later time is a question concerning which there is some difference of opinion. However, the weight of the evidence seems to indicate that such passages are later additions. As the manuscripts were copied from time to time, Amos' message inevitably was viewed from the perspective of later events; naturally, insertions were made in order to bring his message into harmony with such subsequent events. Furthermore, the type of restoration that is indicated in the closing chapter of the book is not the kind that one would expect from Amos since it indicates material prosperity rather than a moral transformation.
