A second form of irony, used by an author to reveal character or for other purposes, is dramatic irony. Here, a character's actions or words may seem (to that character, at least) to mean one thing, but the reader (and perhaps other characters) will derive a different meaning. For example, when Haley tells Shelby what a "good-hearted fellow" his former partner, Tom Loker, was, Shelby and the reader know, from what Haley has said about the man, that Loker is cruel and brutal. Thus what Haley expects Shelby to learn (and what he may well believe himself) is different from what we and Shelby do learn, which is that Haley himself is insensitive to Loker's real character.
The narrator employs a third form of irony, sarcasm (really a type of verbal irony), in the chapter title and again when she comments directly that "humanity comes out in a variety of strange forms now-a-days." In the kind of verbal irony illustrated previously, the speaker hid his true intent from the listener; in sarcasm, however, the speaker's real meaning is apparent in tone of voice. Sarcasm is easy to recognize when heard, but written sarcasm is more difficult to convey; for example, the sarcasm in Chapter 1's title is not apparent until we have read the chapter and realize that what Stowe really means is that slavery allows someone like Haley to behave in inhuman ways and still to refer to himself as "a man of humanity."
