Pandolfo Petrucci (1450–1512) ruler of Siena. It is not clear to what "suspected men" Machiavelli is referring.
Paolo Vitelli (circa 1459–1499) mercenary leader employed by the Florentines. The Florentine government became suspicious of his conduct in the war against Pisa and had him executed.
Pertinax (126–193). After Commodus was assassinated, Pertinax was proclaimed emperor by the praetorian guard, but was assassinated three months later by rebellious soldiers.
Philip of Macedon Philip V (238–179 B.C.), king of Macedon. He was defeated in 197 B.C. by Titus Quintus Flaminius, a Roman general, at Cynoscephalae.
Philopoemen (253–184 B.C.) Greek general and leader of the Achaean League; he defeated Nabis the Spartan on several occasions.
Pisa In 1406, Florence bought the city of Pisa from the dukes of Milan; in 1494, when Charles VII invaded, the Pisans asserted their liberty from Florence. Florence won Pisa back in 1509.
Pope Leo X Giovanni de Medici (1475–1521). A son of Lorenzo the Magnificent, and therefore uncle of the man to whom The Prince was dedicated. He became Pope in 1513. It was during the general amnesty celebrating his election that Machiavelli had been released from prison. Leo would later excommunicate Martin Luther, the Protestant reformer.
prince who is not named the reference is to King Ferdinand of Spain, who had a wide reputation for being deceptive and crafty.
Pyrrhus King of Epirus who fought against the Romans. He won several victories, but at a very high price.
Queen Giovanna Giovanna II of Naples (1371–1435). The incident referred to involved a dispute between Giovanna and Muzio Attendolo Sforza (1369–1424). Sforza supported Louis III of Anjou as Giovanna's successor, while she favored Alfonso V, King of Aragon.
Romulus with his brother Remus, the legendary founders of Rome.
