The character and behavior of the prince
Machiavelli recommends the following character and behavior for princes:
- It is better to be stingy than generous.
- It is better to be cruel than merciful.
- It is better to break promises if keeping them would be against one's interests.
- Princes must avoid making themselves hated and despised; the goodwill of the people is a better defense than any fortress.
- Princes should undertake great projects to enhance their reputation.
- Princes should choose wise advisors and avoid flatterers.
Italy's political situation
Machiavelli outlines and recommends the following:
- The rulers of Italy have lost their states by ignoring the political and military principles Machiavelli enumerates.
- Fortune controls half of human affairs, but free will controls the rest, leaving the prince free to act. However, few princes can adapt their actions to the times.
- The final chapter is an exhortation to the Medici family to follow Machiavelli's principles and thereby free Italy from foreign domination.
