Summary and Analysis by Canto

Canto XXXI

Jove Roman Mythology. the chief deity; god of thunder and the skies.

Mars Roman Mythology. the god of war.

Hannibal 247c.–183 b.c.; Carthaginian general; crossed the Alps to invade Italy in 218 b.c.

High Olympus mountain in Northern Greece, between Thessaly and Macedonia; c. 9,580 ft. (2,920 m); in Greek mythology, the home of the gods.

Judas Judas Iscariot, the disciple who betrayed Jesus: Matt. 26:14, 48.

Lucifer Satan; specifically, in Christian theology, Satan is the leader of the fallen angels. He was an angel of light until he revolted against God and with the others, was cast into hell.

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