CliffsNotes on

The 1990s Newbery Medal Winners

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Introduction to the Newbery Medal

About the Newbery Medal
Introduction to the 1990s Newbery Medal Winners

Holes: About the Author

Life and Background
Sachar’s Selected Works

Holes: About the Book

A Brief Synopsis
Major Themes

Holes: Character Analyses

Stanley Yelnats IV
Zero (Hector Zeroni)
Madame Zeroni
Elya Yelnats
Stanley Yelnats II
Katherine “Kissin’ Kate” Barlow
Sam the Onion Man
Charles “Trout” Walker
Ms. Walker (The Warden)
Mr. Sir
Mr. Pendanski
X-Ray
Ms. Morengo

Holes: Study Help

Activities for Readers

Out of the Dust: About the Author

Life and Background
Hesse’s Selected Works

Out of the Dust: About the Book

A Brief Synopsis
Geography
Major Themes

Out of the Dust: Character Analyses

Billie Jo Kelby
Bayard Kelby
Polly Kelby (Pol)
Louise
Mad Dog Craddock

Out of the Dust: Study Help

Activities for Readers

The View From Saturday: About the Author

Life and Background
Konigsburg’s Selected Works

The View from Saturday: About the Book

A Brief Synopsis
Character Map
Major Themes

The View from Saturday: Character Analyses

Eva Marie Olinski
Nadia Diamondstein
Ethan Potter
Julian Singh
Noah Gershom

The View from Saturday: Study Help

Activities for Readers

The Midwife’s Apprentice: About the Author

Life and Background
Cushman’s Selected Works

The Midwife’s Apprentice: About the Book

A Brief Synopsis
Major Themes

The Midwife’s Apprentice: Character Analyses

Alyce (previously known as Brat and, later, Beetle)
Jane, the Midwife
Will Russet

The Midwife’s Apprentice: Study Help

Activities for Readers

Walk Two Moons: About the Author

Life and Background
Creech’s Selected Works

Walk Two Moons: About the Book

A Brief Synopsis
Major Themes

Walk Two Moons: Character Analyses

Salamanca Tree Hiddle (Sal)
Phoebe Winterbottom
John Hiddle
Chanhassen “Sugar” Hiddle
Gram and Gramps Hiddle
Ben Finney
Margaret Cadaver

Walk Two Moons: Study Help

Activities for Readers

The Giver: About the Author

The Giver: About the Book

A Brief Synopsis
Major Themes

The Giver: Character Analyses

Jonas
The Giver
Mother
Father
Lily
Asher
Fiona
The Community Members

The Giver: Study Help

Activities for Readers

Missing May: About the Author

Missing May: About the Book

A Brief Synopsis
Geography
Major Themes

Missing May: Character Analyses

Summer
Uncle Ob
Aunt May
Cletus Underwood

Missing May: Study Help

Activities for Readers

Shiloh: About the Author

Shiloh: About the Book

A Brief Synopsis
Major Themes

Shiloh: Character Analyses

Marty
Dad (Ray Preston)
Ma (Lou Preston)
Judd Travers
David Howard

Shiloh: Study Help

Activities for Readers

Maniac Magee: About the Author

Maniac Magee: About the Book

A Brief Synopsis
Major Themes

Maniac Magee: Character Analyses

Jeffrey Lionel (Maniac) Magee
Amada Beale
John McNab
Mars Bar Thompson
Grayson

Maniac Magee: Study Help

Activities for Readers

Number the Stars: About the Author

Life and Background
Lowry’s Selected Works

Number the Stars: About the Book

A Brief Synopsis
Geography
Major Themes

Number the Stars: Character Analyses

Annemarie Johansen
Ellen Rosen
Mr. and Mrs. Johansen and Henrik
Peter Neilsen

Number the Stars: Study Help

Activities for Readers

Study Help for All 1990's Newbery Medal Winners

Quiz

Cite this Literature Note

Which would you rather have?

A new skateboard.
A new guitar.
A new outfit.
A new iPod.

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Holes: Character Analyses

Elya Yelnats

Elya Yelnats is Stanley’s “no-good-dirty-rotten-pig-stealing-great-great-grandfather” who is blamed for everything bad that happens to future generations of his family. Although he never actually steals a pig, his actions cause Madame Zeroni to put a curse on him and all his descendants.

When Elya is 15 years old, living in Latvia, he falls in love with Myra Menke and wants to marry her. Igor, a pig farmer, also wants to marry Myra and offers a pig for her hand in marriage. Not knowing what to do, Elya goes to see Madame Zeroni. Madame Zeroni gives Elya a piglet along with specific instructions. He is to take the pig up the mountain each day and sing a lullaby to the pig as it drinks from the stream. On the last day, he is to take the pig up the mountain before taking it to Myra’s father and then carry Madame Zeroni up the mountain, too, singing the lullaby to her as she drinks from the stream.

Because he is vain and doesn’t want to smell like a pig when he goes to Myra’s house to try to win her hand in marriage, Elya doesn’t take the pig up the mountain the last day, nor does he take Madame Zeroni up the mountain. When he realizes that Myra doesn’t love him, Elya gives her father the pig anyway and leaves on a ship for the United States, where he meets and marries Sarah Miller. Elya and Sarah have a good marriage, despite the fact that they suffer from much bad luck. Elya never gives up looking for Madame Zeroni’s son, who was also in the United States, because he feels guilty about not fulfilling his promise to her.


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