Gerhart Hauptman (1862-1946) a naturalist who treated serious subjects (such as alcoholism) in a raw, down-to-earth way.
Guido Cavalcanti Dante's fellow poet and friend.
Synopsis Philosophiae Scholasticae ad mentem divi Thomae Summary of the Philosophy and Academic Opinions of Saint Thomas.
hoardings board fence pasted up with lots of advertisements.
India mittit ebur India exports ivory.
Contrahit orator, variant in carmine vates. A speaker concludes; poets vary in their rhymings.
in tanto discrimine in so many disputes or separations.
the national poet of Ireland Thomas Moore (1779-1852).
a young fenian a young man who rejects his nation’s serf-like relationship to England, believing so fervently in Irish independence that he is ready to embrace terrorism. Often, bands of fenians hid out in the hills.
a hurling match a game combining elements of field hockey and rugby.
camaun a piece of hurling equipment resembling a field hockey stick.
to redden my pipe to light it.
Vive l'Irelande! Long live Ireland!
the Ireland of Tone and Parnell The goal of these Irish Nationalists was self-rule, along with civil and religious toleration.
Pulcra sunt quae visa placent. That is beautiful which pleases one's sight; or, said another way, whatever pleases the observer is considered beautiful.
Bonum est in quod tendit appetitus. The good is that toward which the appetite tends.
Per aspera ad astra Through adversity to the stars. (After experiencing hardships, anything is possible; or, said another way, the sky’s the limit!)
his ghostly father the priest to whom he confesses.
Kentish fire a mighty show of applause, often stamping the feet, as well.
Ego habeo. I have.
Quod? What?
Per pax universalis For universal peace.
Credo ut vos sanguinarius mendax estis . . . quia facies vostra monstrat ut vos in damno malo humore estis. I believe that you are a bloody liar . . . because your face looks as though you're in a damned bad mood.
Quis est in malo humore . . . ego aut vos? Which one [of us] is in a bad mood . . . I or you?
Pax super totum sanguinarium globum Peace through the whole bloody world.
Nos ad manum ballum jocabimus. Let's go play handball.
super spottum on this very spot.
Pulcra sunt quae visa placent. A thing is beautiful if the apprehension of it pleases.
visa any form of aesthetic apprehension of perception, such as sight or hearing.
Pange lingua gloriosi. Celebrate with a boastful tongue.
the Vexilla Regis the royal or King's (standard) flag.
Goethe (1749-1832) German playwright, poet, and novelist. His work is characterized by an interest in the natural, organic development of things, rather than in any dualistic schemes.
Laocoon an essay by Gotthold Lessing, which is also known by the title, "On the Limits of Painting and Poetry." This dissertation disputes former theories on the subject and establishes Lessing's own differentiation between art criticism and literary criticism.
Turpin Hero the old English ballad from which Joyce derived the title of an unfinished narrative, Stephen Hero, which eventually became A Portrait.
seraphim the highest order of angels.
a villanelle a fixed nineteen-line form, originally a French invention, employing only two rhyming sounds and repeating the lines according to a set pattern. The finest villanelle in English is Dylan Thomas' "Do Not Go Gentle into That Good Night."
Ego credo ut vita pauperum est simpliciter atrox, simpliciter sanguinarius atrox, in Liverpoolio. I believe that the life of the poor is simply atrocious, simply bloody atrocious, in Liverpool.
Thoth the Egyptian god of wisdom and the inventor of the arts, sciences, and the system of hieroglyphics. The Greeks and Romans referred to him as the cunning communicator Hermes, or Mercury.
the opening of the national theatre The production that night was The Countess Cathleen. The Catholics hated it, thought that it was blasphemous.
The Tablet an ultra right-wing English Catholic paper.
The Bride of Lammermoor one of Sir Walter Scott's most popular historical romances.
Pernobilis et pervetusta familia an illustrious and old family ancestry.
paulo post futurum it's going to be a little later.
ipso facto obviously; as one can see; it speaks for itself.
Mulier cantat. A woman is singing.
Et tu cum Jesu Galilaeo eras. And you were with Jesus the Galilean.
risotto alla bergamasca a rice dish made with cheese and either a fish or chicken stock, prepared in the style of Bergamo, Italy.
