Should the government bail out the auto industry?

Yes, it's too important to our economy.
No, the government is already broke enough.
Only with strict regulations on how they can spend the money.

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Summaries and Commentaries

Chapter I

first place in elements  first place in the various required classes—Latin, mathematics, literature, and so forth.

two prints of butter  two pats of butter with patterned marks, or "prints" on top.

the clumsy scullion  the clumsy kitchen servant.

sick in your breadbasket  sick at the stomach.

knotting his false sleeves  Moonan is knotting two cloth streamers that are attached to the shoulders of the prefect's gown, or soutane.

he was in the third of grammar  He was an older student.

turned to the flyleaf  turned to the blank page in the front of the book.

do something for a cod  do something for a joke.

the seawall  a strong embankment to prevent the sea from coming up; a breakwater.

the kettle would be on the hob  The kettle would be on the shelf around the fireplace where families kept saucepans, teapots, matches, and so forth.

the fire of the smoking turf  Turf is the name of blocks of peat which are cut from Irish bogs and burned for fuel.

getting up on the cars  Competing with the railroads, these cars were long vehicles used for transport and were pulled by horses.

don't spy on us  another way of saying don't "peach" (or inform) on us.

not foxing  not pretending.

like the long back of a tramhorse  A tram was a horse-drawn passenger vehicle, much like a streetcar.

a dead mass  a mass said for someone who has died.

the catafalque  a raised structure on which a corpse is laid out for viewing.

a bowl of beeftea  a bowl of rich bouillon, or beef broth.

the liberator  usually the "l" is capitalized. The term refers to Daniel O'Connell, who was, in 1775, Ireland's leading Catholic politician, advocating the right of Catholics to hold public office.

a green velvet mantle  A mantle is a loose, sleeveless cloak.

his feet resting on the toasted boss  His feet are resting by the fireplace on a very low, warm stool which has ornamental "ears," or bosses.

looked at himself in the pierglass  A pierglass is a tall mirror which fills the space between two windows.

a good breath of ozone round the Head  John and Simon have walked to Bray Head, a hill outside Bray, close to the sea.

went over to the sideboard  a piece of dining room furniture with shelves, doors, and drawers, used for holding tablecloths, linens, and silverware.

moisty and watery about the dewlaps  Dewlaps refer to the loose, wrinkled skin under the throat.

that's the real Ally Daly  That's a first-class turkey, the best!

an answer to the canon  an answer to the clergy’s condemnation of Parnell.

the pope's nose  the triangular-shaped "tail" of a chicken or a turkey, where the tail fathers are attached.

Billy with the lip  William J. Walsh, archbishop of Dublin; he worked in league with Parnell for land reform but refused to give Parnell vocal or political support when the O'Shea scandal broke.

the tub of guts up in Armagh  Michael Logue, another archbishop who didn't, but probably could have, used his influence to dispel the general condemnation of Parnell. Reference is taken from Hamlet.

Lord Leitrim’s coachman  The reference here is to an Irish coachman who was more loyal to his English landlord than he was to his Irish compatriots who attempted to kill Lord Leitrim. A person who is labeled as "Lord Leitrim's coachman" would be a lackey, subservient to England and having no patriotism for Ireland.

renegade catholics  those Catholics who desert their faith.

a spoiled nun  a woman who, for whatever reason, has turned away from her calling to be a nun.

the trinkets and the chainies  geegaws, cheap jewelry, and china dishes.

not long before the chief died  not long before Parnell died.

a drunken old harridan  a drunken old hag.

Mr. Fox  the pseudonym used by Parnell when he wrote letters to Kitty O'Shea.


Glossary: 1 2 3
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