CliffsNotes on

Mythology

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About Mythology

Introduction

About Egyptian Mythology

Introduction
Some Principal Gods

Summaries and Commentaries for Egyptian Mythology

The Creation
Osiris

About Babylonian Mythology

Introduction
The Major Gods

Summaries and Commentaries for Babylonian Mythology

The Creation
The Flood
Gilgamesh
Commentary on Babylonian Mythology

About Indian Mythology

Introduction
The Main Vedic Gods
Hindu Gods and Concepts

Summaries and Commentaries for Indian Mythology

Indra and the Dragon
Bhrigu and the Three Gods
Rama and Sita
Buddha
Commentary on Rama and Sita and Buddha

About Greek Mythology

Introduction
The Titans
Other Primordial Deities
The Olympian Gods
Other Gods
Mythical Greek Geography

Summaries and Commentaries for Greek Mythology

The Beginnings — Creation
The Beginnings — Prometheus and Man
The Beginnings — The Five Ages of Man and the Flood
The Beginnings — Loves Of Zeus
The Beginnings — Poseidon
The Beginnings — Athena
The Beginnings — Apollo
The Beginnings — Artemis
The Beginnings — Aphrodite
The Beginnings — Hermes
The Beginnings — Demeter
The Beginnings — Dionysus
Commentary on The Beginnings Myths (Poseidon through Dionnysus)
The Heroes — Perseus
The Heroes — Bellerophon
The Heroes — Heracles
Commentary on Perseus, Bellerophon and Heracles
The Heroes — Jason
The Heroes — Theseus
Commentary on Jason and Theseus
The Heroes — Meleager
The Heroes — Orpheus
Commentary on Meleager and Orpheus
The Tragic Dynasties — Crete: The House Of Minos
The Tragic Dynasties — Mycenae: The House Of Atreus
The Tragic Dynasties — Thebes: The House of Cadmus
The Tragic Dynasties — Athens: The House of Erichthonius
The Trojan War — The Preliminaries
The Trojan War — The Course of the War
The Trojan War — The Fall of Troy
Commentary on The Trojan War
The Trojan War — The Returns
The Trojan War — Odysseus' Adventures
Other Myths

About Roman Mythology

Introduction
The Roman Gods

Summaries and Commentaries in Roman Mythology

Patriotic Legends — Aeneas
Patriotic Legends — Romulus and Remus
Commentary on Aeneas and Romulus and Remus
Love Tales — Pyramus and Thisbe
Love Tales — Baucis and Philemon
Love Tales — Pygmalion
Love Tales — Vertumnus And Pomona
Love Tales — Hero and Leander
Love Tales — Cupid and Psyche
Commentary on the Love Tales

About Norse Mythology

Introduction
Supernatural Races in Norse Myth
The Major Norse Gods
Creation and Catastrophe

Summaries and Commentaries for Norse Mythology

Odin
Thor
Balder
Frey
Freya
Loki
Commentary on The Norse Gods
Beowulf
The Volsungs
Sigurd
Commentary on Beowulf, The Volsungs, and Sigurd

About Arthurian Legends

Introduction

Summaries and Commentaries for Arthurian Legends

Merlin
King Arthur
Gawain
Launcelot
Geraint
Tristram
Percivale
The Grail Quest
The Passing of Arthur's Realm
Commentary on the Arthurian Legends

Critical Essay: A Brief Look at Mythology

Study Help

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Summaries and Commentaries for Greek Mythology

The Trojan War — The Returns

Having accomplished their aim in sacking Troy, the Greeks now had to face the problem of getting back to their various kingdoms. This was a problem, for the gods had scores to settle with many Greeks. Soon after the Greeks set sail a fierce storm arose that blew much of the Greek fleet far off course.

Of those who went by ship Agamemnon was one of the few that escaped the storm and reached home easily. But immediately upon his return Agamemnon's wife, Clytemnestra, and her lover, Aegisthus, slew him and his followers, including Cassandra, at the banquet table. Clytemnestra had never forgiven her husband for sacrificing Iphigenia.

Menelaus had resolved to kill Helen when he found her in Troy, but on seeing her naked breasts he lost his determination and took her again as his wife. After offending Athena, Menelaus and Helen were caught in the storm, lost most of their ships, and were blown to Crete and Egypt. Unable to return to Sparta because of adverse winds, Menelaus began trading. Eight years later he wrested the secret of getting home from the prophetic sea god Proteus, master of changes. And having propitiated Athena, Menelaus was able to sail to Sparta with Helen, returning a rich man. When the two of them died they went to the Isles of the Blessed, being favored relations of Zeus.

The lesser Ajax, who had raped Cassandra in the temple of Athena while plundering Troy, was shipwrecked on his way home. Scrambling onto the rocks, he rejoiced at having escaped the vengeance of the gods. But Poseidon split the rock to which he clung and drowned him. Athena then exacted an annual tribute of two maidens from Ajax's fellow Locrians to be sent to Troy.

Bitterly resentful of the Greeks, Nauplius caused many of their ships to smash on the Euboean coast by lighting a deceptive beacon. Philoctetes, who still nursed a grudge against the Greeks for their shabby treatment of him, did not return to Greece but sailed to Italy, where he founded two cities.

The prophet Calchas made it to Colophon, where he met the seer Mopsus. He engaged Mopsus in a contest of prophecy, which he lost. Calchas then died.

Achilles' son Neoptolemus had established himself as a valiant fighter at Troy. Warned against ruling his home kingdom, he went instead to Epirus and became the Molossian king. Neoptolemus went to Delphi to demand retribution from Apollo, who had helped kill his father. When the priestess refused he robbed and burned the temple. Later he returned to Delphi, where he was killed in a dispute over sacrificial meat. The devotees of Apollo then erected a new temple over his grave.

Of all the Greeks only the wise Nestor sailed swiftly home and enjoyed the fruits of old age in peace, surrounded by stalwart sons. His virtues of prudence and piety had enabled him to live to see three generations of heroes.


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