CliffsNotes on

Leaves of Grass

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Walt Whitman Biography

Life and Background
A Whitman Chronology

From Inscriptions

Introduction
"One's-Self I Sing"
"As I Ponder'd in Silence"
"For Him I Sing"
"To the States"
"I Hear America Singing"
"Poets to Come"
"To You"
"Thou Reader"

"Song of Myself"

Introduction
Sections 1–5, lines 1–98
Sections 6–19, lines 99–388
Sections 20–25, lines 389–581
Sections 26–38, lines 582–975
Sections 39–41, lines 976–1053
Sections 42–52, lines 1054–1347

From Children Of Adam

Introduction
"To the Garden of the World"
"Spontaneous Me"
"Ages and Ages Returning at Intervals"
"As Adam Early in the Morning"

From Calamus

Introduction
"In Paths Untrodden"
"Scented Herbage of My Breast"
"Whoever You Are Holding Me Now in Hand"
"When I Heard at the Close of the Day"
"Are You the New Person Drawn Toward Me?"
"Not Heat Flames Up and Consumes"
"I Saw in Louisiana a Live-Oak Growing"
"Full of Life Now"
"Crossing Brooklyn Ferry"
"Song of the Broad-Axe"
"Pioneers! O Pioneers!"
"Out of the Cradle Endlessly Rocking"
"When I Heard the Learn'd Astronomer"
"Beat! Beat! Drums!"
"Cavalry Crossing a Ford"
"When Lilacs Last in the Dooryard Bloom'd"
"As Consequent, Etc."
"There Was a Child Went Forth"
"Passage to India"
"The Sleepers"
"To a Locomotive in Winter"
"As the Time Draws Nigh"
"So Long!"
"Queries to My Seventieth Year"
"America"
"Good-Bye My Fancy!"

Critical Essays

Form and Style in Leaves of Grass
Themes in Leaves of Grass
Whitman: The Quintessential American Poet

Study and Homework Help

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From Calamus

"The Sleepers"

Sections 5 and 6, the scenes of Washington and of the Indian woman, present a contrast to the scenes of shipwreck and death in sections 3 and 4. Scenes of separation and frustration are followed by those of union and fulfillment.

In section 7, the poet's mood changes again. He has been in "contact of something unseen — an amour of the light and air." The seasons become part of him and his dreams. "Elements merge in the night," people recall their pasts in dreams and imagine themselves to be living in the past again. "The Dutchman voyages home, and the Scotchman . . . voyages home . . . /To every port of England, France, Spain, enter well-fill'd ships." These "immigrants," like "the beautiful lost swimmer," "the red squaw," and all other people are restored to health by sleep — and made equal to each other, too: "one is no better than the other." They are all beautiful. The universe is orderly and everything is in its proper place. They are all different but are united in sleep. "The diverse shall be no less diverse, but they shall flow and unite — they unite now."

A notable image of this section is that of light. The poet experiences "an amour of the light and air." The imagery of light suggests the illumination resulting from Whitman's mystical experience. This section also exemplifies Whitman's technique of presenting a series of men and objects in quick progression, illustrative of diversity, but also an initial step to the idea of unity.

Other images are those of return and of beauty. The imagery of men returning to their original homes perhaps suggests the return of the world to its origins, of man to his primeval abode, in a process of spiritual renewal.


"The Sleepers": 1 2 3 4 5 6
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