CliffsNotes on

Leaves of Grass

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About the Author

Life and Background
A Whitman Chronology

From Inscriptions

“One’s-Self I Sing”
“As I Ponder’d in Silence”
“For Him I Sing”
“To the States”
“I Hear America Singing”
“Poets to Come”
“To You”
“Thou Reader”

“Song of Myself”

Introduction
Sections 1-5, lines 1-98
Sections 6-19, lines 99-388
Sections 20-25, lines 389-581
Sections 26-38, lines 582-975
Sections 39-41, lines 976-1053
Sections 42-52, lines 1054-1347

From Children Of Adam

“To the Garden of the World”
“Spontaneous Me”
“Ages and Ages Returning at Intervals”
“As Adam Early in the Morning”

From Calamus

“In Paths Untrodden”
“Scented Herbage of My Breast”
“Whoever You Are Holding Me Now in Hand”
“When I Heard at the Close of the Day”
“Are You the New Person Drawn Toward Me?”
“Not Heat Flames Up and Consumes”
“I Saw in Louisiana a Live-Oak Growing”
“Full of Life Now”
“Crossing Brooklyn Ferry”
“Song of the Broad-Axe”
“Pioneers! O Pioneers!”
“Out of the Cradle Endlessly Rocking”
“When I Heard the Learn’d Astronomer”
“Beat! Beat! Drums!”
“Cavalry Crossing a Ford”
“When Lilacs Last in the Dooryard Bloom’d”
“As Consequent, Etc.”
“There Was a Child Went Forth”
“Passage to India”
“The Sleepers”
“To a Locomotive in Winter”
“As the Time Draws Nigh”
“So Long!”
“Queries to My Seventieth Year”
“America”
“Good-Bye My Fancy!”

Critical Analysis

Form
Style
Themes
The Quintessential American Poet
Whitman’s Achievement

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About the Author

A Whitman Chronology

1819    Born May 31 at West Hills, Huntington Township, Long Island, New York.

1823    Family moved to Brooklyn, New York.

1825–30    Attended public school in Brooklyn.

1830–31    Office boy in lawyer’s office, then doctor’s; then printer’s apprentice.

1832–36    Various jobs: printer’s devil, handyman.

1836–41    Schoolteacher in Long Island.

1841–47    Reporter and editor for various newspapers. Editor (1846) of Brooklyn Daily Eagle. Published (1842) Franklin Evans, or the Inebriate, a tract.

1848    Discharged from the Eagle. Visited New Orleans (worked on New Orleans newspaper) and traveled on the Mississippi River and the Great Lakes.

1849    Editor of the Brooklyn Freeman, a journal.

1850–54    Part-time journalist. Carpenter and house builder in Brooklyn (with father).

1855    First edition of Leaves of Grass published in July. It contained twelve poems and a prose preface.

1856    Second edition of Leaves of Grass, containing twenty additional poems.

1860    Third edition of Leaves of Grass. Traveled to Boston to discuss the preparation of this edition with Emerson.

1862–63    Went to Virginia to attend brother George, who had been wounded in Civil War, Did volunteer work in government hospitals.

1863–73    Lived most of the time in Washington, D.C. Worked for the government.

1864    Drum-Taps published.

1867    Fourth edition of Leaves of Grass.

1871    Fifth edition of Leaves of Grass. Also published Democratic Vistas (a prose pamphlet).

1873    Suffered mild paralytic stroke. Moved to Camden, New Jersey. Mother died.

1876    Sixth edition of Leaves of Grass.

1879    Traveled to St. Louis to visit his brother Jeff.

1881    Visited Boston to prepare the seventh edition of Leaves of Grass, published that same year.

1882    Specimen Days published.

1884    Bought house in Camden, where he lived the rest of his life.

1888    November Boughs published.

1889    Pocket-size edition of Leaves of Grass published for his seventieth birthday.

1891–92    Final (“deathbed”) edition of Leaves of Grass.

1892    Died March 26. Buried in Harleigh Cemetery, Camden.


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