CliffsNotes on

Le Morte d'Arthur

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About the Author

The Life of Malory
Malory and the Legend of Arthur

About the Work

Introduction
A Brief Synopsis
List of Characters
The Text

Summaries and Commentaries

Book I. The Tale of King Arthur: Merlin
Book I. The Tale of King Arthur: The Knight with the Two Swords
Book I. The Tale of King Arthur: Tor and Pellanor
Book I. The Tale of King Arthur: The Death of Merlin and the War with the Five Kings; Arthur and Accolon; Gawain, Ywain, and Marhault
Book II: Arthur and King Lucius
Book III: Sir Launcelot Du Lake
Book IV: The Tale of Sir Gareth
Book V. Sir Tristram De Lyones: Isode (Isolde) the Fair
Book V. Sir Tristram De Lyones: Lamerok of Wales; Sir La Cote Male Tale
Book V. Sir Tristram De Lyones: Tristram’s Madness and Exile; The Castle of Maidens
Book V. Sir Tristram De Lyones: The Round Table
Book V. Sir Tristram De Lyones: King Mark
Book V. Sir Tristram De Lyones: Alexander the Orphan
Book V. Sir Tristram De Lyones: The Tournament at Surluse
Book V. Sir Tristram De Lyones: Joyous Gard
Book V. Sir Tristram De Lyones: The Red City
Book V. Sir Tristram De Lyones: The Tournament at Lonezep
Book V. Sir Tristram De Lyones: Sir Palomydes
Book V. Sir Tristram De Lyones: Launcelot and Elayne
Book V. Sir Tristram De Lyones: Conclusion
Book VI. The Tale of the Holy Grail: The Departure
Book VI. The Tale of the Holy Grail: The Miracles
Book VI. The Tale of the Holy Grail: Sir Percival
Book VI. The Tale of the Holy Grail: Sir Launcelot
Book VI. The Tale of the Holy Grail: Sir Gawain
Book VI. The Tale of the Holy Grail: Sir Bors
Book VI. The Tale of the Holy Grail: Sir Galahad
Book VI. The Tale of the Holy Grail: The Castle of Corbenic
Book VI. The Tale of the Holy Grail: The Miracle of Galahad
Book VII. Sir Launcelot and Queen Guinevere: The Poisoned Apple
Book VII. Sir Launcelot and Queen Guinevere: The Fair Maid of Astalot
Book VII. Sir Launcelot and Queen Guinevere: The Great Tournament
Book VII. Sir Launcelot and Queen Guinevere: The Knight of the Cart
Book VII. Sir Launcelot and Queen Guinevere: The Healing of Sir Urry
Book VIII. The Death of King Arthur: Slander and Strife
Book VIII. The Death of King Arthur: The Vengeance of SirGawain
Book VIII. The Death of King Arthur: The Siege of Benwick
Book VIII. The Death of King Arthur: The Day of Destiny
Book VIII. The Death of King Arthur: The Death of Sir Launcelot and Queen Guinevere

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Summaries and Commentaries

Book VI. The Tale of the Holy Grail: Sir Percival

With the object of finding Galahad and overcoming him for his own greater glory, Percival asks an old recluse about Galahad’s whereabouts. The recluse, Percival’s aunt, tells him that his mother is dead from sorrow at his abandoning her for the fellowship of the Round Table and that the Round Table was created by Merlin as a symbol of the World, a place of false security which can lead to overweening pride. By Merlin’s prophecy, only three Round Table Knights shall achieve the Grail Quest—two virgin knights and one who is chaste; and the best of these is Galahad.

Percival repents his proud wish to beat Galahad for glory, and his aunt tells him the way. Riding on, he comes upon a wounded knight four hundred years old, Sir Evelake, or Mordrayns, who in the days of Joseph of Aramathy, asked God that he not be allowed to die until he had seen the knight who would achieve the Grail Quest. The Lord granted Evelake’s wish and promised that when Sir Evelake saw the Grail knight he would at last be healed.

Percival goes to find Galahad for him but is attacked by twenty knights who manage to kill his horse before Galahad saves Percival’s life. Galahad then rides away again, still insisting on pursuing the quest alone. Percival walks in the forest, gets the gift of a hackney from a distressed squire, meets with a man on a black horse who kills the hackney and scornfully rides off.

Then a lady appears and gives him a black horse in return for his service. The horse runs four days’ journey in an hour and is about to plunge into the sea when Percival crosses himself in fright and breaks the horse’s demonic power. It shakes him off and goes flaming and howling into the water. Now Percival sees a serpent fighting a lion. He takes the lion’s part, because it is a nobler beast, and kills the serpent. In a dream, the lady who owns the lion praises him and the lady of the serpent demands that, in payment for her pet, he become her man. He refuses.

A holy man comes to him on a white ship and explains the allegory: the lady of the lion is the New Law—faith, hope, belief, and baptism; the lady of the serpent is the Old Law, served by fiends (the black horse and serpent), and her request that he be her man was a temptation.

The holy man departs, arid now a black ship comes. A beautiful maiden tells Percival lies, gets him drunk, and lies naked with him in a splendid pavilion. Percival crosses himself; pavilion and lady vanish. The holy man returns, explains that the lady was the Devil himself, and that henceforth he must be more careful. The holy man vanishes and Percival boards his ship and leaves the place.


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