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Ethics

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Aristotle Biography

About Aristotle's Ethics

Introduction
Main Points of Aristotle's Ethical Philosophy
Subjects Covered in The Nicomachean Ethics

Summary, Analysis, and Original Text by Chapter

Book I: Chapter I: The Aim of All Action is the Good
Book I: Chapter II: Politics is the Study of the Good
Book I: Chapter III: Limitations on the Study of Politics and Ethics
Book I: Chapter IV: Varying Views of Happiness and the Good — More Discussion on Method
Book I: Chapter V: Varying Views of the Good Life
Book I: Chapter VI: The Platonic View of the Good
Book I: Chapter VII: Definitions of the Good and Happiness
Book I: Chapter VIII: Confirmation of Our View in Popular Ideas on Happiness
Book I: Chapter IX: How Happiness is Acquired
Book I: Chapter X: Can a Man be Called Happy Within His Lifetime?
Book I: Chapter XI: The Relation Between The Dead and The Living in Regard to Happiness
Book I: Chapter XII: The Degree of Praise Accorded to Happiness
Book I: Chapter XIII: Psychological Basis of Virtue
Book I: Analysis for Book I
Book II: Chapter I: Moral Virtue as a Result of Habits
Book II: Chapter II: Methodology of The Study of Ethics — Discussion of the Nature of Moral Qualities
Book II: Chapter III: Pleasure and Pain — The Test of Virtue
Book II: Chapter IV: Relation of Virtue and Virtuous Action
Book II: Chapter V: Definition of Virtue — Genus
Book II: Chapter VI: Definition of Virtue Species
Book II: Chapter VII: Particular Examples of the Mean and Extreme
Book II: Chapter VIII: Relation of Mean and Extremes
Book II: Chapter IX: How to Find the Mean
Book II: Analysis for Book II
Book III: Chapter I: Voluntary and Involuntary Action
Book III: Chapter II: Definition of Choice
Book III: Chapter III: Definition of Deliberation
Book III: Chapter IV: Definition of Wish
Book III: Chapter V: Man's Moral Responsibility as an Agent
Book III: Chapter VI: Courage (i)
Book III: Chapter VII: Courage (ii)
Book III: Chapter VIII: Courage (iii)
Book III: Chapter IX: Courage (iv)
Book III: Chapter X: Self-Control (i)
Book III: Chapter XI: Self-Control (ii)
Book III: Chapter XII: Self-Control (iii)
Book III: Analysis for Book III
Book IV: Chapter I: Generosity
Book IV: Chapter II: Magnificence
Book IV: Chapter III: High-Mindedness
Book IV: Chapter IV: Ambition and Lack of Ambition
Book IV: Chapter V: Gentleness
Book IV: Chapter VI: Friendliness
Book IV: Chapter VII: Truthfulness
Book IV: Chapter VIII: Wittiness and Tact
Book IV: Chapter IX: Shame and Modesty
Book IV: Analysis for Book IV
Book V: Chapter I: Various Definitions of Justice
Book V: Chapter II: Particular Justice — Distributive and Remedial
Book V: Chapter III: Distributive Justice
Book V: Chapter IV: Remedial Justice
Book V: Chapter V: Reciprocal Justice and the Function of Money
Book V: Chapter VI: Political and Social Justice, Domestic Justice
Book V: Chapter VII: Natural and Conventional Justice
Book V: Chapter VIII: Degrees of Personal Responsibility
Book V: Chapter IX: Additional Discussion of Relation Between Voluntariness and Just Action
Book V: Chapter X: Equity and Justice
Book V: Chapter XI: Can a Man be Unjust Toward Himself?
Book V: Analysis for Book V
Book VI: Chapter I: Psychological Basis of Intellectual Virtue
Book VI: Chapter II: The Elements of Intellectual Virtue
Book VI: Chapter III: The Five Modes of Intellectual Expression; Definition of Science
Book VI: Chapter IV: Art or Applied Science
Book VI: Chapter V: Practical Wisdom
Book VI: Chapter VI: Intelligence
Book VI: Chapter VII: Theoretical Wisdom
Book VI: Chapter VIII: Practical Wisdom and Politics
Book VI: Chapter IX: Practical Wisdom and Virtue in Deliberation
Book VI: Chapter X: Practical Wisdom and Understanding
Book VI: Chapter XI: Practical Wisdom and Good Sense
Book VI: Chapter XII: The Utility of Theoretical and Practical Wisdom
Book VI: Chapter XIII: Practical Wisdom and Moral Virtue
Book VI: Analysis for Book VI
Book VII: Chapter I: Continence and Incontinence
Book VII: Chapter II: Commonly Held Beliefs about Continence and Incontinence
Book VII: Chapter III: Incontinence and Knowledge
Book VII: Chapter IV: The Sphere of Incontinence
Book VII: Chapter V: Incontinence and Pathological Forms of Desire
Book VII: Chapter VI: Incontinence in Anger
Book VII: Chapter VII: Continence and Tenacity, Incontinence and Softness
Book VII: Chapter VIII: Incontinence and Self-Indulgence
Book VII: Chapter IX
Book VII: Chapter X
Book VII: Chapter XI: Current Views on Pleasure
Book VII: Chapter XII: Is Pleasure a Good Thing? (1)
Book VII: Chapter XIII: Is Pleasure the Highest Good? (2)
Book VII: Chapter XIV: Are Most Pleasures Bad? (3)
Book VII: Analysis for Book VII
Book VIII: Chapter I: Reasons for Studying Friendship
Book VIII: Chapter II: The Three Objects of Affection, Definition of Friendship
Book VIII: Chapter III: The Three Kinds of Friendship
Book VIII: Chapter IV: Comparison of Perfect and Imperfect Friendship
Book VIII: Chapter V: Friendship as a Characteristic and an Activity
Book VIII: Chapter VI: Additional Observations on Friendship
Book VIII: Chapter VII: Friendship Between Unequals
Book VIII: Chapter VIII: Giving and Receiving Affection
Book VIII: Chapter IX: Friendship and Justice in the State
Book VIII: Chapter X: Political Systems
Book VIII: Chapter XI: Friendship and Justice Under Different Constitutions
Book VIII: Chapter XII: Friendship Within the Family
Book VIII: Chapter XIII: The Mutual Obligations of Equal Friends
Book VIII: Chapter XIV: The Mutual Obligations of Unequal Friends
Book VIII: Analysis for Book VIII
Book IX: Chapter I: Measuring the Mutual Obligations of Friends
Book IX: Chapter II: Conflicting Obligations
Book IX: Chapter III: Dissolution of Friendships
Book IX: Chapter IV: The Basis of Friendship is Self-Love
Book IX: Chapter V: Friendship and Goodwill
Book IX: Chapter VI: Friendship and Concord
Book IX: Chapter VII: Good Deeds
Book IX: Chapter VIII: Self-Love
Book IX: Chapter IX: Friendship and Happiness
Book IX: Chapter X: Should One Limit the Number of his Friends?
Book IX: Chapter XI: Friends in Times of Adversity and Prosperity
Book IX: Chapter XII: The Value and Influence of Friendship
Book IX: Analysis for Book IX
Book X: Chapter I: The Importance of Pleasure
Book X: Chapter II: The Doctrine that Pleasure is the Good
Book X: Chapter III: The Doctrine that Pleasure is Evil
Book X: Chapter IV: The True Nature of Pleasure
Book X: Chapter V: The Value and Function of Pleasure
Book X: Chapter VI: Happiness
Book X: Chapter VII: The Contemplative Life is the Highest Happiness
Book X: Chapter VIII: Advantages of the Contemplative Life
Book X: Chapter IX: Ethics and Politics
Book X: Analysis for Book X

Critical Essays

Aristotle's Works
Aristotle's Method and Place in Intellectual History

Study and Homework Help

Quiz
Essay Topics and Review Questions

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Summary, Analysis, and Original Text by Chapter

Book VI: Chapter IV: Art or Applied Science

Another quality is needed to do something (i.e., to be active in a certain way or to make something, as distinct from engaging in the activity of making it). This quality is art or applied science, which can be defined as the disposition or characteristic of making things according to the guidance of true wisdom, and as such is concerned with the realm of coming-to-be (i.e., with determining how something which is capable either of being or not being may come into existence). Things which exist or come into being by necessity and things produced by nature (i.e., things which contain their own sources of motion) are not within the sphere of art. It deals with production not action, and is subordinate to practical wisdom, which is the guide for using things produced by art. In the sense intended here, the word "art" pertains to both aesthetic and utilitarian production.


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