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Emerson's Essays

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Ralph Waldo Emerson Biography

Life and Background
Chronology of Emerson's Life

Nature: Analysis and Original Text

Introduction to the Essay
The Introduction
Chapter 1. Nature
Chapter 2. Commodity
Chapter 3. Beauty
Chapter 4. Language
Chapter 5. Discipline
Chapter 6. Idealism
Chapter 7. Spirit
Chapter 8. Prospects
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Glossary

"The American Scholar": Analysis and Original Text

Introduction to the Essay
Paragraphs 1–7. "Man Thinking."
Paragraphs 8–9. The Influence of Nature.
Paragraphs 10–20. The Influence of the Past.
Paragraphs 21–30. The Influence of Action.
Paragraphs 31–45. The Scholar's Duties.
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Glossary

"The Over-Soul": Analysis and Original Text

Introduction to the Essay
Paragraphs 1–3. Introduction.
Paragraphs 4–10. The Over-Soul Is Defined.
Paragraphs 11–15. The Soul and Society.
Paragraphs 16–21. Revelation.
Paragraphs 22–30. The Soul and the Individual.
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Glossary

"Self-Reliance": Analysis and Original Text

Introduction to the Essay
Paragraphs 1–17. The Importance of Self-Reliance.
Paragraphs 18–32. Self-Reliance and the Individual.
Paragraphs 33–50. Self-Reliance and Society.
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Glossary

"The Transcendentalist": Analysis and Original Text

Introduction to the Essay
Paragraphs 1–5. Materialism versus Idealism.
Paragraphs 6–14. Examples and Shortcomings of Transcendentalism.
Paragraphs 15–30. The Solitary Transcendentalist.
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Glossary

"The Poet": Analysis and Original Text

Introduction to the Essay
Paragraphs 1–9. The Poet as Interpreter.
Paragraphs 10–18. The Poet, Language, and Nature.
Paragraphs 19-29. The Poet and Imagination.
Paragraphs 30–33. The Poet and America.
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Glossary

Critical Essays

Trancendentalism
Emerson, Unitarianism, and the God Within
Emerson's Use of Metaphor

Study and Homework Help

Full Glossary for Emerson's Essays
Quiz
Review Questions and Essay Topics

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Ralph Waldo Emerson Biography

Chronology of Emerson's Life

1803 Born May 25 in Boston, Massachusetts, to the Reverend William and Ruth Haskins Emerson.

1811 Father dies May 12 of stomach cancer.

1812 Enters Boston Public Latin School; begins writing poetry.

1817 Enters Harvard College.

1821 Graduates from Harvard College in August; begins teaching at his brother William's School for Young Ladies.

1824 Dedicates himself to religious study.

1825 Leaves the School for Young Ladies and enters Harvard Divinity School.

1826 Becomes licensed to preach; fearing tuberculosis, he travels to Charleston, South Carolina, and later to St. Augustine, Florida.

1829 Is ordained pastor of the Second Unitarian Church of Boston; marries Ellen Tucker in September,

1831 Nineteen-year-old Ellen dies February 8 of tuberculosis.

1832–33 Resigns from Second Church and travels in Europe; visits Carlyle, Mill, Coleridge, and Wordsworth.

1833–34 Lectures on "The Uses of Natural History."

1835 Lectures on biography; meets Alcott and Fuller; marries Lydia Jackson.

1835–36 Lectures on "English Literature."

1836 Anonymously publishes Nature; first meeting of Transcendental Club; birth of first child, Waldo, on October 30.

1836–37 Lectures on "Philosophy of History."

1837 Delivers "The American Scholar" address before Harvard's Phi Beta Kappa Society.

1837–38 Lectures on "Human Culture."

1838 Delivers a controversial address before the senior class of Harvard Divinity School.

1838–39 Lectures on "Human Life."

1839 First daughter, Ellen, is born February 24.


Chronology of Emerson's Life: 1 2
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