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Black Elk Speaks

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Book Summary

John G. Neihardt Biography

Early Years and Education
Family and Early Career
Career Highlights
Later Years

About Black Elk Speaks

Introduction
Historical Timeline

Summary and Analysis by Chapter

Chapter 1: The Offering of the Pipe
Chapter 2: Early Boyhood
Chapter 3: The Great Vision
Chapter 4: The Bison Hunt
Chapter 5: At the Soldiers' Town
Chapter 6: High Horse's Courting
Chapter 7: Wasichus in the Hills
Chapter 8: The Fight With Three Stars
Chapter 9: The Rubbing Out of Long Hair
Chapter 10: Walking the Black Road
Chapter 11: The Killing of Crazy Horse
Chapter 12: Grandmother's Land
Chapter 13: The Compelling Fear
Chapter 14: The Horse Dance
Chapter 15: The Dog Vision
Chapter 16: Heyoka Ceremony
Chapter 17: The First Cure
Chapter 18: The Powers of the Bison and the Elk
Chapter 19: Across the Big Water
Chapter 20: The Spirit Journey
Chapter 21: The Messiah
Chapter 22: Visions of the Other World
Chapter 23: Bad Trouble Coming
Chapter 24: The Butchering at Wounded Knee
Chapter 25: The End of the Dream
Author's Postscript

Character List

Character Analysis

Black Elk
Black Elk's Father
White Cow Sees
Standing Bear
Red Cloud
Crazy Horse
Sitting Bull
Whirlwind Chaser

Critical Essays

The Quest Journey of the Hero
Cultural Displacement in Black Elk Speaks
Relationship with Nature in Black Elk Speaks
Neihardt's Authorship

Study and Homework Help

Full Glossary for Black Elk Speaks
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Summary and Analysis by Chapter

Chapter 8: The Fight With Three Stars

Black Elk's father tells his son that Red Cloud and some other chiefs will sell out to the white men and that the rest of the Indians must fight from now on for their land. Many small bands of Indians join together. Black Elk's aunt gives him a six-shooter and he feels like a man, although he is not big physically. Some Indian scouts report that white men shot at them on the Bozeman Trail, which a treaty was supposed to have closed since 1868. Black Elk's people ride out to attack. The whites circle their wagons and shoot at the Indians. Black Elk feels very brave, but the Indians eventually leave because they cannot penetrate the circled wagons. They join other scattered tribes of Indians and travel quickly to the Rosebud River to meet with Crazy Horse. When they are gathered together, the Indians hold a sun dance, presided over by Sitting Bull. First a tree is found that will occupy a place in the middle of a big circle. Pregnant women are the first to dance around it. A very brave warrior counts coup upon the tree and gives away gifts. Young maidens chop the tree down and warriors charge into the center where the tree had stood, which is now a sacred spot. This act ensures their safety in battle. Everyone feasts. The next day, the tree is planted in the center of the dancing place. Nursing babies are laid at its base. Young children's ears are pierced. The next day the dancing begins. Dancers are tied to the tree by a thong of rawhide inserted through the skin of their backs or chests. They dance, pulling at the strip of rawhide until they cannot bear it or until their flesh rips. The young children, such as Black Elk, amuse themselves by teasing the adults, who are supposed to tolerate anything that day.

When the sun dance is over, Indian scouts enter the camp and report that Crazy Horse has routed soldiers who were camping up the river, prepared to attack during the sun dance. Black Elk's friend Iron Hawk, a Hunkpapa who was with Crazy Horse that day, relates the story of the battle:


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