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Black Elk Speaks

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Book Summary

John G. Neihardt Biography

Early Years and Education
Family and Early Career
Career Highlights
Later Years

About Black Elk Speaks

Introduction
Historical Timeline

Summary and Analysis by Chapter

Chapter 1: The Offering of the Pipe
Chapter 2: Early Boyhood
Chapter 3: The Great Vision
Chapter 4: The Bison Hunt
Chapter 5: At the Soldiers' Town
Chapter 6: High Horse's Courting
Chapter 7: Wasichus in the Hills
Chapter 8: The Fight With Three Stars
Chapter 9: The Rubbing Out of Long Hair
Chapter 10: Walking the Black Road
Chapter 11: The Killing of Crazy Horse
Chapter 12: Grandmother's Land
Chapter 13: The Compelling Fear
Chapter 14: The Horse Dance
Chapter 15: The Dog Vision
Chapter 16: Heyoka Ceremony
Chapter 17: The First Cure
Chapter 18: The Powers of the Bison and the Elk
Chapter 19: Across the Big Water
Chapter 20: The Spirit Journey
Chapter 21: The Messiah
Chapter 22: Visions of the Other World
Chapter 23: Bad Trouble Coming
Chapter 24: The Butchering at Wounded Knee
Chapter 25: The End of the Dream
Author's Postscript

Character List

Character Analysis

Black Elk
Black Elk's Father
White Cow Sees
Standing Bear
Red Cloud
Crazy Horse
Sitting Bull
Whirlwind Chaser

Critical Essays

The Quest Journey of the Hero
Cultural Displacement in Black Elk Speaks
Relationship with Nature in Black Elk Speaks
Neihardt's Authorship

Study and Homework Help

Full Glossary for Black Elk Speaks
Quiz
Essay Questions
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Summary and Analysis by Chapter

Chapter 3: The Great Vision

In this unusually long chapter, Black Elk has a vision at the age of nine. There is nothing to report from his life between the ages of five and nine. During this time, the white men had moved away from Indian encampments to live along the newly built Union Pacific Railroad. The building of that railroad and its subsequent expansion into the Transcontinental Railroad (1869) had divided the huge grazing ground of the bison into a north and south half. Half of the herd was more than Black Elk's people could use anyway.

Black Elk is eating when he hears a voice telling him to hurry because his Grandfathers are waiting. He grows sick and cannot walk. His legs, arms, and face swell up. The Indians are moving camp, but he is so ill he has to be carried. When he is laid down to rest in his parents' tepee, he sees through the opening in the top the same men he had seen in the sky four years before. They call to him that his Grandfathers are waiting for him. A cloud takes him, following the men, to a place made of cloud in which he beholds an extraordinary, highly symbolic vision. Black Elk describes it in precise detail.

In cloud world, a bay horse greets Black Elk and tells him that he will tell Black Elk the life history of himself and others. The bay horse makes a circular turn in the four directions, north, south, east, and west. Twelve horses are in each direction, each group of 12 matching in color: the horses to the north are white, those to the south are buckskin, to the east, sorrel, and to the west, black. The bay tells him that the horses will take him to his Grandfathers. The sky then fills with dancing horses who change into diverse animals and flee as the bay and Black Elk walk on, leading a formation of the horses from the four directions. They come to a cloud that changes into a tepee with a rainbow for a door. Inside the tepee the six Grandfathers are waiting.


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