Black Elk’s performance of the dog vision again shows the importance to the Sioux of acting out one’s private vision for the community. It emphasizes the esteem in which the person granted such a vision is held. This later vision clearly defines the Wasichus (whites) as the enemy of the people—a significant aspect of the vision. A deep state of hostility now exists between Indians and whites.
Many cultures have a version of the sacred fool (the Sioux heyoka), people privileged to convey a truth that no one else is allowed to utter, through wit or entertainment. This ceremony enabled people to see the richness and sacredness of the earth. The ceremony returns the Indians somewhat to their old tribal ways and reminds them that goodness still exists in their world. It directs them to do what Black Elk says the Grandfathers wish, to show kindness to each other as the grasses do.
