This is a key chapter in the novel, for here occurs the crisis, or clash of opposing forces. Melville devotes the entire chapter to relating this incident, which is used to complete Claggart’s plan. Billy’s doom is sealed. Through his henchmen, Claggart has obtained the evidence he needs, or so he thinks, to discredit Billy.
Claggart’s overt act in this chapter—for he is plainly the instigator—is one more in the universal drama of the war between good and evil, waged in this case on the H.M.S. Bellipotent, which becomes Melville’s own symbol for the world. All of Claggart’s other actions against Billy have been sly and devious; this one provides the means for his direct accusation of Billy Budd.
Another purpose of this incident is to underscore the fact that Billy may be congenial, but he is not to be trifled with. Just as he punched Red Whiskers on the Rights-of-Man, he is ready to defend himself against evil association with a disgruntled rebel.
