Summary and Analysis

Lines 1–193

Spear-Danes Scyldings, the tribe of Scyld Scefing.

waif a forsaken or orphaned child, such as Scyld.

whale-road ocean or sea, from the Anglo-Saxon hron-rade. This is one of the poem's best known kennings, descriptive metaphors that identify a person or thing by a chief characteristic or use.

Life-lord God.

ring-giver ruler, king, feudal lord.

Scylfing Swede.

mead an alcoholic drink made from fermented honey and water.

middle-earth a land between Heaven and Hell, inhabited by mankind as well as a variety of good or evil creatures with origins in legend, mythology, or fantasy.

scop a bard or singing (chanting) performer who often accompanies himself on a lute or harp, presenting historical or legendary stories of interest. He might be attached to a court or travel on his own. Preferred pronunciation is "shop."

walking dead similar to zombies, cursed to roam the earth after death.

thanes warriors who serve a king or feudal lord in exchange for land or treasure.

warlock a male witch or demon.


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