CliffsNotes on

Atlas Shrugged

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About the Author

Personal Background
Career Highlights
Rand’s Philosophy: Objectivism

About the Novel

Introduction
A Brief Synopsis
List of Characters
Character Map

Chapter Summaries and Commentaries

Part One: Chapter 1—The Theme
Part One: Chapter 2—The Chain
Part One: Chapter 3—The Top and the Bottom
Part One: Chapter 4—The Immovable Movers
Part One: Chapter 5—The Climax of the d’Anconias
Part One: Chapter 6—The Non-Commercial
Part One: Chapter 7—The Exploiters and the Exploited
Part One: Chapter 8—The John Galt Line
Part One: Chapter 9—The Sacred and the Profane
Part One: Chapter 10—Wyatt’s Torch
Part Two: Chapter 1—The Man Who Belonged on Earth
Part Two: Chapter 2—The Aristocracy of Pull
Part Two: Chapter 3—White Blackmail
Part Two: Chapter 4—The Sanction of the Victim
Part Two: Chapter 5—Account Overdrawn
Part Two: Chapter 6—Miracle Metal
Part Two: Chapter 7—The Moratorium on Brains
Part Two: Chapter 8—By our Love
Part Two: Chapter 9—The Face Without Pain or Fear or Guilt
Part Two: Chapter 10—The Sign of the Dollar
Part Three: Chapter 1—Atlantis
Part Three: Chapter 2—The Utopia of Greed
Part Three: Chapter 3—Anti-Greed
Part Three: Chapter 4—Anti-Life
Part Three: Chapter 5—Their Brothers’ Keepers
Part Three: Chapter 6—The Concerto of Deliverance
Part Three: Chapter 7—“This is John Galt Speaking”
Part Three: Chapter 8—The Egoist
Part Three: Chapter 9—The Generator
Part Three: Chapter 10—In the Name of the Best Within Us

Character Analyses

John Galt
Dagny Taggart
Hank Rearden
Francisco d’Anconia
James Taggart

Critical Essays

The Role of the Mind in Human Life
The Role of the Common Man in Atlas Shrugged: The Eddie Willers Story

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Chapter Summaries and Commentaries

Part Two: Chapter 8—By our Love

Part of the mystery at the heart of this story begins to become clear in this chapter. Francisco reveals that he hasn’t degenerated into the worthless playboy Dagny had assumed. Instead, he’s remained true to the code of production, freedom, and life—in opposition to the code of parasitism, dictatorship, and death—by withdrawing his mind and his products from the looters’ world. He refuses to prop up their regime, and he urges Dagny to do the same. The looters depend on minds such as Dagny’s. Francisco argues that the producers must not give the looters the benefit of their brains. Without the support of creative minds, the looters’ regime will collapse because of its own irrationality. Only then will the rational men be free to rebuild the world. This is the battle that Francisco wages, and he urges Dagny to join.

Dagny’s immediate flight back to the railroad upon hearing news of the disaster shows that she’s not ready to join Francisco’s battle. She is still tied to her love of the railroad. Unlike Francisco, Ellis Wyatt, Andrew Stockton, Ken Danagger, and all the others, Dagny isn’t ready to walk away from the thing that’s given meaning to her life. Her words to Rearden (that form the chapter’s title) contain the essence of the bond Dagny feels to the railroad and Rearden feels to his mills. For the sake of their love, the great producers are willing to endure the torture imposed on them by the dictators in Washington.

Ayn Rand emphasizes here that industrial production is just as creative as writing a novel or composing a symphony. Industrial production is also fueled by love—love for the creation of material abundance and the positive, constructive act of making possible man’s life on earth. Such love isn’t to be relinquished lightly, which is why Francisco experienced such torment when he chose to leave and is also why Dagny can’t yet join him.

Dagny and Rearden have learned that the collapse of the world’s economy isn’t caused by random factors or solely by the irrationality of the looters’ code. The thinkers have systematically withdrawn their minds from the world, hastening the collapse of the looters’ regime. Seemingly notorious figures like Francisco d’Anconia and Ragnar Dannejsköld are, in their own ways, fighting the evil that’s currently in power. The tempo of the resistance quickens as each great mind walks away from the world. At this point, it begins to look as if the great minds have a chance to defeat the irrational forces in power. But if the thinkers succeed, what will victory cost Dagny’s railroad and Rearden’s mills?


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