CliffsNotes on

Atlas Shrugged

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About the Author

Personal Background
Career Highlights
Rand’s Philosophy: Objectivism

About the Novel

Introduction
A Brief Synopsis
List of Characters
Character Map

Chapter Summaries and Commentaries

Part One: Chapter 1—The Theme
Part One: Chapter 2—The Chain
Part One: Chapter 3—The Top and the Bottom
Part One: Chapter 4—The Immovable Movers
Part One: Chapter 5—The Climax of the d’Anconias
Part One: Chapter 6—The Non-Commercial
Part One: Chapter 7—The Exploiters and the Exploited
Part One: Chapter 8—The John Galt Line
Part One: Chapter 9—The Sacred and the Profane
Part One: Chapter 10—Wyatt’s Torch
Part Two: Chapter 1—The Man Who Belonged on Earth
Part Two: Chapter 2—The Aristocracy of Pull
Part Two: Chapter 3—White Blackmail
Part Two: Chapter 4—The Sanction of the Victim
Part Two: Chapter 5—Account Overdrawn
Part Two: Chapter 6—Miracle Metal
Part Two: Chapter 7—The Moratorium on Brains
Part Two: Chapter 8—By our Love
Part Two: Chapter 9—The Face Without Pain or Fear or Guilt
Part Two: Chapter 10—The Sign of the Dollar
Part Three: Chapter 1—Atlantis
Part Three: Chapter 2—The Utopia of Greed
Part Three: Chapter 3—Anti-Greed
Part Three: Chapter 4—Anti-Life
Part Three: Chapter 5—Their Brothers’ Keepers
Part Three: Chapter 6—The Concerto of Deliverance
Part Three: Chapter 7—“This is John Galt Speaking”
Part Three: Chapter 8—The Egoist
Part Three: Chapter 9—The Generator
Part Three: Chapter 10—In the Name of the Best Within Us

Character Analyses

John Galt
Dagny Taggart
Hank Rearden
Francisco d’Anconia
James Taggart

Critical Essays

The Role of the Mind in Human Life
The Role of the Common Man in Atlas Shrugged: The Eddie Willers Story

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Chapter Summaries and Commentaries

Part Three: Chapter 6—The Concerto of Deliverance

The looters organize a systematic attempt to take over Rearden’s mills. They know that he won’t agree to the Steel Unification Plan. Rearden will reject the plan because it permits Orren Boyle to exist off of his effort while he goes bankrupt. The looters can’t afford to lose Rearden; they’re terrified that he’ll retire and vanish. Their plan to keep him working is simple. First they attach his funds, so he has no money with which to escape. Second, they threaten his family. If he “deserts” them, his family members will be punished. Not surprisingly, his family begs him to stay. Finally, the looters slip their goons into the mills and stage a riot, supposedly spurred on by Rearden’s rejection of a request for wage raises. With violence spiraling out of control at the mills, the looters will step in to protect Rearden’s safety by taking over his factory. Francisco’s presence quells the riot, defeats the looters’ plan and, most important, completes Rearden’s liberation from the looters’ grip. Rearden is now ready to join the strike. He’ll no longer lend his mind to the support of the looters’ system.

Rearden believes that his ill-advised slap in Dagny’s apartment has cost him Francisco’s friendship, but he finds that Francisco loves him too much to let that incident divide them. Francisco understands that, at some implicit level, Rearden has always trusted him. Francisco acted as Rearden’s protector from the start. He armed Rearden with the knowledge of his own inestimable moral value. He fought Rearden’s enemies for years by destroying his own company and not permitting it to serve those who would torment and enslave Rearden. He brushed off Rearden’s insults, understanding that they proceeded from Rearden’s limited knowledge and desperate desire to protect his allegiance to his mills. Finally, Francisco secretly accepted Rearden’s offer of a job as a furnace foreman so he could be there on the day when Rearden needed him in his final battle to liberate himself from the looters’ clutches.

Rearden knows now that he is right to love and trust this man the way he always instinctively has. In their relationship, Ayn Rand dramatizes the meaning of friendship between rational men. The relationship is based exclusively on values, not on duty or self-sacrifice. Francisco and Rearden both revere productivity and the mind’s ability to create prosperity on earth. Consequently, they deeply admire each other’s accomplishments. Rand insists that, if human beings dedicate themselves to achievement rather than to selfless service, all humans can have this type of relationship. Francisco and Rearden, both of whom have lost Dagny, have found each other.


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