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American Poets of the 20th Century

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How to Analyze Poetry

Context of the Poem
Style of the Poem
Title of the Poem
Repetition in the Poem
Opening and Closing Lines of the Poem
Passage of Time in the Poem
Speaker of the Poem
Basic Details of the Poem
Culture
Fantasy versus Reality
Mood and Tone of the Poem
Themes of the Poem
Rhythm of the Poem
Use of the Senses in the Poem
Imagery in the Poem
Language of the Poem
Supplemental Materials
Drawing Conclusions

The Poets

Edgar Lee Masters (1868–1950)
Edwin Arlington Robinson (1869–1935)
Robert Frost (1874–1963)
Amy Lowell (1874–1925)
Carl Sandburg (1878–1967)
Wallace Stevens (1879–1955)
William Carlos Williams (1883–1963)
Ezra Pound (1885–1972)
H. D. (1886–1961)
Robinson Jeffers (1887–1962)
Marianne Moore (1887–1972)
T. S. Eliot (1888–1965)
John Crowe Ransom (1888–1974)
Edna St. Vincent Millay (1892–1950)
Jean Toomer (1894–1967)
Louise Bogan (1897–1970)
Hart Crane (1899–1933)
Allen Tate (1899–1979)
Sterling Brown (1901–1989)
Langston Hughes (1902–1967)
Countée Cullen (1903–1946)
Elizabeth Bishop (1911–1979)
John Berryman (1914–1972)
Randall Jarrell (1914–1965)
Gwendolyn Brooks (1917–2000)
Robert Lowell (1917 — 1977)
Richard Wilbur (1921– )
James Dickey (1923–1997)
Denise Levertov (1923–1997)
A. R. Ammons (1926–2001)
Allen Ginsberg (1926–1997)
W. S. Merwin (1927– )
James Wright (1927–1980)
Anne Sexton (1928–1974)
Adrienne Rich (1929– )
Sylvia Plath (1932–1963)
Amiri Baraka (1934– )
Wendy Rose (1948– )
Joy Harjo (1951– )
Rita Dove (1952– )
Cathy Song (1955– )

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The Poets

Adrienne Rich (1929– )

Speaking as an omniscient presence, in subsequent works, Rich championed marginalized groups in scenes that challenge the white male overlord. She began teaching English at City College and composed When We Dead Awaken: Writing as Re-Vision (1972), a frank autobiographical essay and challenge to literary politics, and Of Woman Born: Motherhood as Experience and Institution (1976), a prose exposé of the inequalities that undermine modern marriage. A bolder statement fueled Compulsory Heterosexuality and Lesbian Existence (1980), a terse monograph that disclosed her lesbianism.

Rich's powerful, evocative work suited late-twentieth-century poetry texts and anthologies and energized feminist coursework in women's studies departments in American colleges and universities. She reprised titles from Twenty-One Love Poems (1976) in an expanded volume, The Dream of a Common Language: Poems 1974–1977 (1978). Feminism and an independence mark two prose collections, On Lies, Secrets and Silence: Selected Prose 1966–1978 (1979) and Blood, Bread and Poetry: Selected Prose 1979–1987 (1986); and verse in A Wild Patience Has Taken Me This Far: Poems 1978–1981 (1981); Sources (1984), an exploration of Jewish roots; and The Fact of a Doorframe: Poems Selected and New 1950–1984 (1984), a backward glance at the territory she had explored.

After three years at Douglass College, Rich left teaching to settle in western Massachusetts with her mate, poet Michelle Cliff. She produced reflective verse on lesbian feminism, anti-Semitism, and gender violence in Your Native Land, Your Life (1986), Time's Power: Poems 1985–1988 (1989), An Atlas of the Difficult World: Poems 1988–1991 (1991), and What Is Found There: Notebooks on Poetry and Politics (1993). Filled with a jubilant self-discovery, the urgent later works compel young students still innocent of the greed and coercion around them.


About the Poet: 1 2 3
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