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Full Glossary for A Lesson Before Dying

gumbo a thick, hearty stew made with a variety of ingredients, such as meat, vegetables, and fish.

Hitler had his reasons Antoine's remark exemplifies the extreme alienation of blacks in Southern white America.

I am a slave. Grant realizes that he is still mentally enslaved. Even though he is physically free, he has not acted responsibly. When he is fi­nally able to cry, we realize that he has gained his freedom through Jefferson's death (Jefferson's death is Grant's redemption and deliver­ance). We also realize that he has learned the lesson Rev. Ambrose has been trying to teach him: A man can stand and kneel at the same time.

I need you speak for me. Miss Emma's remark reflects the unwrit­ten "code of silence" during the pre-Civil Rights South, when blacks were routinely denied the right to articulate their thoughts and feelings. This statement further reflects on the power of language as a recurring theme. Note the irony here, as Miss Emma seems to have no problem speaking for herself.

I tried to decide just how I should respond to them. Whether I should act like the teacher that I was, or like the nigger that I was supposed to be. As revealed in a subsequent chapter, Grant's bitter remark echoes one of the "lessons" he learned from his teacher while he was a student at the plantation school.

It don't matter. Jefferson's words echo those of Matthew Antoine in Chapter 8.


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