Because the first step to creating a subjunctive conjugation is to determine the
yo form of the regular present tense, any verb that is irregular in the
yo form of the present tense will carry that irregularity in all forms of the subjunctive present tense.
-
go verbs
Table
1 presents the present subjunctive conjugation of
tener, a -
go verb. More verbs that behave like
tener are listed in Table
2 . Only the
yo/él form is listed because, by now, you should be able to ascertain the other forms.
|
TABLE 1
|
Present Subjunctive Conjugation Chart for
Tener (to Have)
|
|
Subject
|
Verb
|
Subject
|
Verb
|
|
yo
|
tenga
|
nosotros/nosotras
|
tengamos
|
|
tú
|
tengas
|
vosotros/vosotras
|
tengáis
|
|
él
|
tenga
|
ellos
|
tengan
|
|
ella
|
tenga
|
ellas
|
tengan
|
|
usted
|
tenga
|
ustedes
|
tengan
|
|
|
TABLE 2
|
The
Yo/Él Form of -
go Verbs in the Present Subjunctive
|
|
Infinitive
|
Present Subjunctive Yo/Él Form
|
|
atraer (to attract)
|
atraiga
|
|
caer (to fall)
|
caiga
|
|
contraer (to contract)
|
contraiga
|
|
decir (to say, to tell)
|
diga
|
|
hacer (to make, to do)
|
haga
|
|
oír (to hear)
|
oiga
|
|
poner (to put)
|
ponga
|
|
raer (to scrape)
|
raiga
|
|
retraer (to bring back)
|
retraiga
|
|
salir (to leave)
|
salga
|
|
sustraer (to subtract)
|
sustraiga
|
|
traer (to bring)
|
traiga
|
|
valer (to be worth)
|
valga
|
|
venir (to come)
|
venga
|
|
-
zco verbs
In general, any verb that ends in a vowel followed by -
cer or -
cir will have a
yo form that ends in -
zco. Therefore, all forms of the present subjunctive for these verbs will reflect the
yo form, as demonstrated in Table
3 .
|
TABLE 3
|
Present Subjunctive Conjugation Chart for
Conocer (to Know, to Be Acquainted With)
|
|
Subject
|
Verb
|
Subject
|
Verb
|
|
yo
|
conozca
|
nosotros/nosotras
|
conozcamos
|
|
tú
|
conozcas
|
vosotros/vosotras
|
conozcáis
|
|
él
|
conozca
|
ellos
|
conozcan
|
|
ella
|
conozca
|
ellas
|
conozcan
|
|
usted
|
conozca
|
ustedes
|
conozcan
|
|
All the following verbs are conjugated like
conocer with the -
zca, -zcas, -zca, -zcamos, -zcáis, and
-zcan endings. The present subjunctive
yo/él form of each verb follows its translation in Table
4 , below. The rest of the subjunctive endings follow the regular subjunctive ending patterns.
|
TABLE 4
|
The
Yo/Él Form of -
zco Verbs in the Present Subjunctive
|
|
Infinitive
|
Present Subjunctive Yo/Él Form
|
|
aborrecer (to hate)
|
aborrezca
|
|
agradecer (to thank)
|
agradezca
|
|
aparecer (to appear)
|
aparezca
|
|
crecer (to grow)
|
crezca
|
|
desaparecer (to disappear)
|
desaparezca
|
|
desconocer (to be ignorant)
|
desconozca
|
|
establecer (to establish)
|
establezca
|
|
merecer (to deserve)
|
merezca
|
|
nacer (to be born)
|
nazca
|
|
obedecer (to obey)
|
obedezca
|
|
ofrecer (to offer)
|
ofrezca
|
|
permanecer (to remain)
|
permanezca
|
|
pertenecer (to belong)
|
pertenezca
|
|
complacer (to please, to gratify)
|
complazca
|
|
reconocer (to recognize)
|
reconozca
|
|
yacer (to lie down)
|
yazca
|
|
Table
5 lists several verbs that end in -
ucir. They also have -
zca, -zcas, -zca, -zcamos, -zcáis, and
-zcan endings. The present subjunctive
yo/él form of each verb follows its translation.
|
TABLE 5
|
The
Yo/Él Form of -
ucir Verbs in the Present Subjunctive
|
|
Infinitive
|
Present Subjunctive Yo/Él Form
|
|
conducir (to drive)
|
conduzca
|
|
deducir (to deduce)
|
deduzca
|
|
deslucir (to tarnish)
|
desluzca
|
|
introducir (to introduce)
|
introduzca
|
|
lucir (to light up, to display)
|
luzca
|
|
producir (to produce)
|
produzca
|
|
reducir (to reduce)
|
reduzca
|
|
traducir (to translate)
|
traduzca
|
|
-
zo verbs
A verb that ends in a consonant followed by -
cer has a
yo form ending in -
zo. Therefore, all forms of the present subjunctive for these verbs will reflect the
yo form, as demonstrated in Table
6 .
|
TABLE 6
|
Present Subjunctive Conjugation Chart for
Ejercer (to Exercise, to Practice a Profession)
|
|
Subject
|
Verb
|
Subject
|
Verb
|
|
yo
|
ejerza
|
nosotros/nosotras
|
ejerzamos
|
|
tú
|
ejerzas
|
vosotros/vosotras
|
ejerzáis
|
|
él
|
ejerza
|
ellos
|
ejerzan
|
|
ella
|
ejerza
|
ellas
|
ejerzan
|
|
usted
|
ejerza
|
ustedes
|
ejerzan
|
|
The verbs in Table
7 are conjugated like
ejercer with the -
za, -zas, -za, -zamos, -záis, and
-zan endings. The present subjunctive
yo/él form of each verb follows its translation.
|
TABLE 7
|
The
Yo/Él Form of
-zo Verbs in the Present Subjunctive
|
|
Infinitive
|
Present Subjunctive Yo/Él Form
|
|
convencer (to convince, to persuade)
|
convenza
|
|
esparcir (to scatter)
|
esparza
|
|
vencer (to conquer)
|
venza
|
|
zurcir (to mend)
|
zurza
|
|
-
gir verbs
A verb that ends in -
gir in its infinitive form must change the
g to
j to maintain the soft
g sound in all forms of the present subjunctive. Table
8 presents the present subjunctive forms for the verb
dirigir. All the other verbs ending in -
gir are listed in Table
9 .
|
TABLE 8
|
Present Subjunctive Conjugation Chart for
Dirigir (to Direct)
|
|
Subject
|
Verb
|
Subject
|
Verb
|
|
yo
|
dirija
|
nosotros/nosotras
|
dirijamos
|
|
tú
|
dirijas
|
vosotros/vosotras
|
dirijáis
|
|
él
|
dirija
|
ellos
|
dirijan
|
|
ella
|
dirija
|
ellas
|
dirijan
|
|
usted
|
dirija
|
ustedes
|
dirijan
|
|
|
TABLE 9
|
The
Yo/Él Form of -
gir Verbs in the Present Subjunctive
|
|
Infinitive
|
Present Subjunctive Yo/Él Form
|
|
afligir (to afflict, to grieve)
|
aflija
|
|
coger (to catch, to seize, to grab)
|
coja
|
|
colegir* (to deduce)
|
colija
|
|
corregir* (to correct)
|
corrija
|
|
escoger (to choose)
|
escoja
|
|
dirigir (to direct)
|
dirija
|
|
elegir* (to elect)
|
elija
|
|
exigir (to demand, to require)
|
exija
|
|
fingir (to pretend)
|
finja
|
|
proteger (to protect)
|
proteja
|
|
recoger (to gather, to pick up)
|
recoja
|
|
sumergir (to immerse)
|
sumerja
|
|
surgir (to surge)
|
surja
|
|
The verbs in the list below undergo a spelling change in every form of the subjunctive present tense. The verbs followed by an asterisk also undergo an
e>
i stem change in all forms.
-guir verbs
A verb that ends in -
guir includes a
u in its infinitive form only to attain a hard
g sound. In all forms of the subjunctive, you must drop that
u; because the
g is now followed by an
a, it is already pronounced hard. Table
10 presents the present subjunctive forms for the verb
seguir. All the other verbs ending in -
guir are listed in Table
11 . There is, however, one extra issue:
Seguir is a stem-changer, and the
e changes to
i in all forms of the present subjunctive.
|
TABLE 10
|
Present Subjunctive Conjugation Chart for
Seguir (to Continue, to Follow)
|
|
Subject
|
Verb
|
Subject
|
Verb
|
|
yo
|
siga
|
nosotros/nosotras
|
sigamos
|
|
tú
|
sigas
|
vosotros/vosotras
|
sigáis
|
|
él
|
siga
|
ellos
|
sigan
|
|
ella
|
siga
|
ellas
|
sigan
|
|
usted
|
siga
|
ustedes
|
sigan
|
|
|
TABLE 11
|
The
Yo/Él Form of -
guir Verbs in the Present Subjunctive
|
|
Infinitive
|
Present Subjunctive Yo/Él Form
|
|
conseguir* (to get)
|
consiga
|
|
distinguir (to distinguish)
|
distinga
|
|
extinguir (to extinguish)
|
extinga
|
|
perseguir* (to persecute, to pursue)
|
persiga
|
|
proseguir* (to continue, to proceed)
|
prosiga
|
|
The verbs in Table
11 drop the
u in every form of the subjunctive present tense. The verbs followed by an asterisk also undergo an
e>
i stem change in all forms.
-
uir verbs that add a
y
Any verb that ends in -
uir (except -
guir verbs) will have a
y in front of the subjunctive ending for all forms.
All of the following verbs in Table
13 are conjugated like
contribuir with a
y in front of the ending for every form.
|
TABLE 13
|
The
Yo/Él Form of -
uir Verbs That Change
i to
y in the Present Subjunctive
|
|
Infinitive
|
Present Subjunctive Yo/Él Form
|
|
concluir (to conclude)
|
concluya
|
|
constituir (to constitute)
|
constituya
|
|
construir (to build, to construct)
|
construya
|
|
contribuir (to contribute)
|
contribuya
|
|
destruir (to destroy)
|
destruya
|
|
fluir (to flow)
|
fluya
|
|
huir (to run away, to flee)
|
huya
|
|
incluir (to include)
|
incluya
|
|
influir (to influence)
|
influya
|
|
Antonyms and Synonyms
Subjunctive Mood I
