Preparations: Carboxylic Acids

• Preparations: Alkyl Halides
• Preparations: Phenols
• Preparations: Aryl Halides
• Preparations: Ethers
• Preparations: Alcohols
• Preparations: Aldehydes
• Preparations: Ketones
• Preparations: Carboxylic Acids
• Preparations: Halo Acids, α‐Hydroxy Acids, and α, β‐Unsaturated Acids
• Preparations: Amines

• Reactions: Aromatic Compounds
• Reactions: Alkyl Halides
• Reactions: Phenols
• Reactions: Aryl Halides
• Reactions: Ethers
• Reactions: Alcohols
• Reactions: Aldehydes and Ketones
• Reactions: Carboxylic Acids
• Reactions: Esters
• Reactions: Acyl Halides
• Reactions: Anhydrides
• Reactions: Amines

• Introduction to Aromatic Compounds
• Benzene
• Hückel's Rule
• Other Aromatic Compounds
• Heterocyclic Aromatic Compounds

• Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution Reactions
• The Birch Reduction of Benzene
• Friedel‐Crafts Alkylation Reaction
• Friedel‐Crafts Acylation Reaction
• Directing Group Influence
• Theory of Substitution Effects

• Introduction to Alkyl Halides
• Nucleus and Nucleophiles
• Nucleophilic Substitution Reactions
• Leaving Group
• Nucleophilic Substitution Reactions: Mechanisms
• S_N1 versus S_N2 Reactions
• Elimination Reactions
• Mechanism of Elimination Reactions
• Grignard Reaction
• Preparation of Alkyl Halides

• Phenols
• Synthesis of Phenols
• Reactions of Phenolic Hydrogen
• Reactions of Phenolic Benzene Rings
• Aryl Halides
• Synthesis of Aryl Halides
• Reactions of Aryl Halides

• Alcohols
• Synthesis of Alcohols
• Reactions of Alcohols
• Ethers
• Synthesis of Ethers
• Reactions of Ethers

• Aldehydes
• Synthesis of Aldehydes
• Ketones
• Synthesis of Ketones
• Reactions of Aldehydes and Ketones

• Introduction to Carboxylic Acids
• Preparation of Carboxylic Acids
• Reactions of Carboxylic Acids
• Reduction of Carboxylic Acids

• Introduction to Amines
• Preparation of Amines
• Reactions of Amines

• Introduction: Spectroscopy and Structure
• Mass Spectra
• Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) Spectra
• Ultraviolet and Visible Spectra
• Infrared Spectra