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Expressing “In”

Three words may be used in French to express “in”: dans, à, and en.

  • Dans means “inside” or “within an enclosed or specific place” and is often used with an indefinite article ( un, une, des):

    • Mon portefeuille est dans mon sac. (My wallet is inside my purse.)

    • Il habite dans une maison. (He lives in a house.)

  • À + definite article refers to a general location with no specific boundaries and is usually used with a definite article ( le, la, l', les):

    • Allons au grand magasin. (Let's go to the department store.)

  • En is used in the following idiomatic expressions: en ville (downtown/in the city), en prison (in jail).

    • Notre famille dîne en ville. (Our family is eating in the city.)

The following list shows other prepositions that are formed by using more than one word:

  • à cause de (because of)

  • à côté de (next to)

  • à droite (to the right)

  • à gauche (to the left)

  • à partir de (beginning with)

  • à peu près (nearly)

  • à propos de (about, concerning)

  • à travers (across, through)

  • afin de (in order to)

  • au (en) bas de (at the bottom of)

  • au bout de (at the end of)

  • au dessous de (below, beneath)

  • au lieu de (instead of)

  • au milieu de (in the middle of)

  • au sujet de (about, concerning)

  • au-dessus de (above, over)

  • autour de (around)

  • en face de (opposite)

  • loin de (far from)

  • près de (near)

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